Donadini Marco Paolo, Calcaterra Francesca, Romualdi Erica, Ciceri Roberta, Cancellara Assunta, Lodigiani Corrado, Bacci Monica, Della Bella Silvia, Ageno Walter, Mavilio Domenico
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center on Thromboembolic Diseases and Antithrombotic Therapies, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Centro Trombosi e TAO, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Cells. 2025 Jan 20;14(2):144. doi: 10.3390/cells14020144.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis (AT) are distinct yet closely related pathological processes. While traditionally considered separate entities, accumulating evidence suggests that they share common risk factors, such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED). This review explores the parallels and differences between venous and arterial thrombosis, with particular attention to the role of unprovoked VTE and its potential links to atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation. A key focus is the role of ED, which is emerging as a critical factor in thrombogenesis across both the venous and arterial systems. We examine the current methods for clinically detecting ED, including the use of biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques. Additionally, we discuss novel research avenues, such as the potential of endothelial colony-forming cells and other innovative methodologies, to further unravel the complex mechanisms of thrombosis. Finally, we propose future clinical scenarios where targeting endothelial health could pave the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies in thrombosis management.
静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）和动脉血栓形成（AT）是不同但密切相关的病理过程。虽然传统上认为它们是独立的实体，但越来越多的证据表明它们有共同的危险因素，如炎症和内皮功能障碍（ED）。本综述探讨了静脉血栓形成和动脉血栓形成之间的异同，特别关注不明原因VTE的作用及其与动脉粥样硬化和全身炎症的潜在联系。一个关键重点是ED的作用，它正成为静脉和动脉系统血栓形成的关键因素。我们研究了目前临床上检测ED的方法，包括生物标志物的使用和先进的成像技术。此外，我们还讨论了新的研究途径，如内皮祖细胞的潜力和其他创新方法，以进一步揭示血栓形成的复杂机制。最后，我们提出了未来的临床设想，即针对内皮健康可能为血栓形成管理中更有效的预防和治疗策略铺平道路。
