Yu Hailong, Yu Bin, Zhang Xiangmin, Fan Yong, Wen Sai, Jiao Shanshan
School of Tourism and Planning, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2025 Jan 20;27(1):92. doi: 10.3390/e27010092.
The formation and development of cities are inseparable from a certain scale of water resources. The information contained in the morphological structures of cities and water systems is often overlooked. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of water system structures (WSS) and urban system structures (USS) can reveal the "urban-water" relationship from a new perspective. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) was selected as the case area, based on the theory of fractal dimensions, grid dimension and multifractal spectrum methods were used to depict the structural evolutionary characteristics of water systems and urban systems from different dimensions. Then, through a comparative analysis of fractal parameters and spectral lines, the characteristics and changing patterns of the "urban-water" relationship in the HRB from 1980 to 2019 were revealed. The results indicate the following: (1) The water system structure in the HRB is complex and exhibits distinct scale characteristics, showing improvement overall and at larger scales while continuously degrading at smaller scales. (2) Both the water system and urban system exhibit increasingly complex spatial development characteristics; however, the USS continues to optimize over time, while the WSS experiences degradation. (3) The development patterns of the water system and urban system are significant differences in the HRB. Urban development mainly relies on outward expansion, whereas the water system is primarily characterized by intensive enhancement. (4) Because of the rapid development of urban areas, water scarcity may occur in densely populated urban areas or larger cities in the future. The research results can serve as a scientific reference for urban planning and water resource management in the HRB.
城市的形成与发展离不开一定规模的水资源。城市形态结构与水系中所蕴含的信息常常被忽视。探索水系结构（WSS）和城市系统结构（USS）的时空演变能够从全新视角揭示“城市 - 水”关系。选取淮河流域（HRB）作为案例区域，基于分形维数理论，运用网格维数和多重分形谱方法从不同维度刻画水系和城市系统的结构演化特征。然后，通过对分形参数和谱线的对比分析，揭示了1980年至2019年淮河流域“城市 - 水”关系的特征及变化模式。结果表明：（1）淮河流域的水系结构复杂，呈现出明显的尺度特征，整体及较大尺度上有所改善，而较小尺度上持续退化。（2）水系和城市系统均呈现出空间发展特征日益复杂的趋势；然而，城市系统结构随时间持续优化，而水系结构则出现退化。（3）淮河流域水系和城市系统的发展模式存在显著差异。城市发展主要依赖向外扩张，而水系主要以集约化增强为特征。（4）由于城市地区的快速发展，未来人口密集的城市地区或大城市可能会出现水资源短缺。研究结果可为淮河流域的城市规划和水资源管理提供科学参考。
