Keefe Robert H, Rubinstein Robert A, Van Brackle Kiara, Music Sanid, Nnam Zikora, Lane Sandra D
School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Dec 29;15(1):20. doi: 10.3390/bs15010020.
This article focuses on the impact of trauma experienced by individuals, families and groups, and neighborhoods in Rochester and Syracuse, New York. Using the levels of analysis put forward in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (i.e., individual, family, and community), we argue that trauma operates at each of those levels. This mixed-methods study reviews the findings of seven previously published studies (with data collection ranging from 2000 to 2019), each of which addresses trauma among low-income residents. Specific methods include secondary analyses of births, qualitative interviews of persons who delivered a baby within the past two years, a community survey of residents living in high-crime areas, and secondary birth data to document the impact of socio-ecological risk factors on the trauma of birthing persons, their children, and their partners. Individuals and families living in high-risk neighborhoods (e.g., where residents experience frequent gun shots, racially disproportionate incarceration, and poverty) had more negative health outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder, intrauterine growth restriction, and depression. Interventions focused on community-based practices that address individual, family, and community-level trauma must also address the multiple risk factors for trauma located in the environmental and social stressors.
本文聚焦于纽约罗切斯特和锡拉丘兹的个人、家庭、群体及社区所经历的创伤影响。运用布伦芬布伦纳生态系统理论提出的分析层次（即个体、家庭和社区），我们认为创伤在这些层次上均有体现。这项混合方法研究回顾了七项先前发表的研究结果（数据收集时间跨度为2000年至2019年），每项研究均涉及低收入居民的创伤问题。具体方法包括对出生数据的二次分析、对过去两年内生育过孩子的人员进行定性访谈、对高犯罪率地区居民进行社区调查，以及利用出生数据记录社会生态风险因素对生育者、其子女及其伴侣创伤的影响。生活在高风险社区（例如居民经常遭遇枪击、种族监禁比例失调和贫困的社区）的个人和家庭有更多负面健康结果，包括创伤后应激障碍、子宫内生长受限和抑郁症。针对个体、家庭和社区层面创伤的基于社区实践的干预措施，还必须应对环境和社会压力源中存在的多种创伤风险因素。
