Anselmo Sara, Bonaccorso Elisa, Gangemi Chiara, Sancataldo Giuseppe, Conti Nibali Valeria, D'Angelo Giovanna
Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segré, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Jan 1;15(1):6. doi: 10.3390/membranes15010006.
Lipid rafts are dynamic microdomains in the membrane, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, that are critical for biological processes like cell signalling, membrane trafficking, and protein organization. Their essential role is claimed in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections, making them a key area of research. Fluorescence-based approaches, including super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques, enable precise analysis of the organization, dynamics, and interactions of these microdomains, thanks also to the innovative design of appropriate fluorescent probes. Moreover, these non-invasive approaches allow for the study of live cells, facilitating the collection of quantitative data under physiologically relevant conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into the role of lipid rafts in biological and pathological processes and underscores how fluorescence techniques have advanced our understanding of these critical microdomains. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of lipid rafts in health and disease, providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
脂筏是细胞膜中的动态微区，富含胆固醇和鞘脂，对细胞信号传导、膜运输和蛋白质组织等生物过程至关重要。它们在生理和病理条件下，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和病毒感染中都发挥着重要作用，这使得它们成为一个关键的研究领域。基于荧光的方法，包括超分辨率荧光显微镜技术，能够精确分析这些微区的组织、动态和相互作用，这也要归功于合适荧光探针的创新设计。此外，这些非侵入性方法允许对活细胞进行研究，便于在生理相关条件下收集定量数据。本综述综合了对脂筏在生物和病理过程中作用的最新见解，并强调了荧光技术如何推进了我们对这些关键微区的理解。研究结果强调了脂筏在健康和疾病中的关键作用，为未来的研究和潜在的治疗干预提供了基础。
