Quaranta Judith, Darling Rosa, Chen Mei-Hsiu, DeMartino Julia, Kozlowski Madison
Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
Nurs Rep. 2025 Jan 20;15(1):29. doi: 10.3390/nursrep15010029.
: Decreased well-being may be a precursor to mental health challenges. Mental health visits for 5-11-year-old children increased by 24% from 2019 to 2020. COVID-19 led to record high levels of anxiety and depression in young children. This highlights the need for early identification and intervention of decreased well-being to prevent progression to potential mental health issues. The purpose of our research was to develop the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© (PWBPS©), the first picture-based screening tool for ages 8-11 years, accessible to children regardless of their literacy, language skill, and developmental levels, allowing for quick screening for early referral and intervention. : The mixed-methods research design included focus groups and one-on-one interviews for content and face validity, test/retest reliability, convergent validity, and exploratory factor analysis. Subjects were recruited from public elementary schools. : The numbers of participating subjects were as follows: N = 17 for focus groups; N = 12 for one-on-one interviews; N = 50 for test/retest reliability; and N = 237 for convergent validity. Thematic analysis resulted in a 10-item, 3-point picture-based Likert scale. The test/retest reliability demonstrated strong correlations, with an ICC of 0.823 (95% CI [0.690, 0.905]). The Cronbach's alpha for all the administrations was 0.74, 0.74, 0.84, and 0.89. The convergent validity demonstrated correlation with the validated KIDSCREEN-10. The Spearman's correlation was 0.64 (95% CI as [0.55, 0.71]). The cutoff for the PWBPS© was 18.5, which correlated to a score of 22 on the KIDSCREEN-10. All the items loaded on one component. : These findings demonstrate that the PWBPS© is valid and reliable, allowing for quick and accurate assessments of children's well-being and allowing for early intervention, which is key to reducing the negative effects of poor mental well-being.
幸福感下降可能是心理健康问题的先兆。2019年至2020年，5至11岁儿童的心理健康就诊率增长了24%。新冠疫情导致幼儿的焦虑和抑郁水平达到创纪录的高位。这凸显了对幸福感下降进行早期识别和干预的必要性，以防止发展为潜在的心理健康问题。我们研究的目的是开发儿童幸福感图片量表（PWBPS©），这是首个针对8至11岁儿童的基于图片的筛查工具，无论儿童的识字能力、语言技能和发育水平如何均可使用，便于快速筛查以便早期转诊和干预。
混合方法研究设计包括焦点小组以及用于内容和表面效度、重测信度、收敛效度和探索性因素分析的一对一访谈。研究对象从公立小学招募。
焦点小组N = 17；一对一访谈N = 12；重测信度N = 50；收敛效度N = 237。主题分析得出了一个基于图片的10项3分李克特量表。重测信度显示出很强的相关性，组内相关系数为0.823（95%置信区间[0.690, 0.905]）。所有施测的克朗巴哈系数分别为0.74、0.74、0.84和0.89。收敛效度显示与经过验证的儿童生活质量量表10项版（KIDSCREEN - 10）相关。斯皮尔曼相关系数为0.64（95%置信区间为[0.55, 0.71]）。PWBPS©的临界值为18.5，这与儿童生活质量量表10项版上的22分相对应。所有项目都加载在一个因子上。
这些研究结果表明，PWBPS©是有效且可靠的，能够快速准确地评估儿童的幸福感，并能进行早期干预，这是减少心理健康不佳负面影响的关键。
