Ncogo Policarpo, Giesen Christine, Perteguer María Jesús, Rebollo Maria P, Nguema Rufino, Benito Agustín, Herrador Zaida
Fundación Estatal, Salud, Infancia y Bienestar Social (FCSAI), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Salud Internacional Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 26;10(1):7. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10010007.
Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that the WHO has set out to eliminate. To reach this elimination target, a number of challenges must be met, and the essential measures set out in the road map for NTDs 2021-2030 must be implemented. More than 99% of infected people live in 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to assess the impact of onchocerciasis interventions in Africa.
A systematic peer review of the existing literature following the PRISMA guidelines was performed between November 2021 and April 2022. We selected studies on onchocerciasis control measures in Africa since the implementation of the first Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) measures in 1974. All scientific articles indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL databases written in Spanish, English, French, German, and Portuguese were considered. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database.
A total of 63 articles met the inclusion criteria and were finally selected. Publications were found from 19 out of 31 African endemic countries. The main intervention retained in the different published studies was mass distribution of ivermectin ( = 51). According to our results, 11 African countries have managed to interrupt transmission of onchocerciasis in at least one area in the country; 11 countries have not achieved this goal, while 1 country has managed to eliminate the disease, but it has resurged.
Control interventions showed a positive impact on the fight against onchocerciasis, demonstrating that these activities are effective. Nevertheless, they were not sufficient to achieve the proposed goals for a variety of reasons. Therefore, different aspects should be considered in order to fulfil the targets proposed by the WHO to be reached in 2030.
盘尾丝虫病，即河盲症，是世界卫生组织致力于消除的被忽视热带病之一。为实现这一消除目标，必须应对诸多挑战，并实施《2021 - 2030年被忽视热带病路线图》中规定的基本措施。超过99%的感染者生活在撒哈拉以南非洲的31个国家。我们的目标是评估非洲盘尾丝虫病干预措施的影响。
2021年11月至2022年4月期间，按照PRISMA指南对现有文献进行了系统的同行评审。我们选取了自1974年实施首个盘尾丝虫病控制项目（OCP）措施以来关于非洲盘尾丝虫病控制措施的研究。所有在PubMed、Scopus、Embase和CENTRAL数据库中索引的、用西班牙语、英语、法语、德语和葡萄牙语撰写的科学文章均被纳入考虑。研究方案已在PROSPERO数据库中注册。
共有63篇文章符合纳入标准并最终被选中。研究发现来自31个非洲流行国家中的19个国家。不同已发表研究中保留的主要干预措施是伊维菌素的大规模分发（n = 51）。根据我们的结果，11个非洲国家已成功在该国至少一个地区阻断了盘尾丝虫病的传播；11个国家未实现这一目标，而1个国家已成功消除该疾病，但又出现了疫情反弹。
控制干预措施对防治盘尾丝虫病产生了积极影响，表明这些活动是有效的。然而，由于各种原因，这些措施不足以实现既定目标。因此，为实现世界卫生组织提出的2030年目标，应考虑不同方面。
