Whiting W C, Puffer J C, Finerman G A, Gregor R J, Maletis G B
Am J Sports Med. 1985 Mar-Apr;13(2):95-8. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300203.
Thirteen members of the United States Men's Water Polo Team were filmed using two synchronized cameras while shooting at a goal. Three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the throwers' shoulder, elbow, wrist, and the ball were used to estimate elbow angle, elbow angular velocity, and ball velocity at release. Ball release velocities ranged from 14.5 to 25.8 m/sec, with peak elbow angular velocities averaging 1137 degrees/sec. Peak elbow angular velocity typically was reached just prior (x = 28 msec) to release as the elbow approached full extension. Results are significant in establishing the efficacy of 3D techniques in evaluating throwing mechanics and may prove useful in: identifying characteristics of superior performers, assessing differences in throwing technique between injured and non-injured populations, and providing a kinematic data base for further studies of throwing kinetics and potential injury mechanisms.
美国男子水球队的13名队员在向球门射门时，使用两台同步摄像机进行拍摄。利用投掷者肩部、肘部、腕部以及球的三维（3D）坐标来估算肘部角度、肘部角速度以及球的出手速度。球的出手速度范围为14.5至25.8米/秒，肘部角速度峰值平均为1137度/秒。当肘部接近完全伸展时，肘部角速度峰值通常在出手前（x = 28毫秒）达到。这些结果对于确定3D技术在评估投掷力学方面的有效性具有重要意义，并且可能在以下方面证明是有用的：识别优秀运动员的特征，评估受伤人群与未受伤人群在投掷技术上的差异，以及为进一步研究投掷动力学和潜在损伤机制提供运动学数据库。
