Larner Andrew J
Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Neurol Int. 2025 Jan 15;17(1):8. doi: 10.3390/neurolint17010008.
The differential diagnosis of acute-onset amnesia includes transient global amnesia (TGA), transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), and functional (or psychogenic) amnesia. The most common of these, TGA, is a rare but well-described condition characterised by a self-limited episode of dense anterograde amnesia with variable retrograde amnesia. Although the clinical phenomenology of TGA is well described, its pathogenesis is not currently understood, thus preventing the development of evidence-based therapeutic recommendations. Here, TGA, TEA, and functional amnesia are considered in light of the historical engram conception of memory, now informed by recent experimental research, as disturbances in distributed ensembles of engram neurones active during memory formation and recall. This analysis affords therapeutic implications for these conditions, should interventions to reactivate latent or silent engrams become available.
急性起病性失忆的鉴别诊断包括短暂性全面性遗忘症（TGA）、短暂性癫痫性遗忘症（TEA）和功能性（或心因性）遗忘症。其中最常见的TGA是一种罕见但描述详尽的病症，其特征为以自我限制的顺行性遗忘发作伴不同程度的逆行性遗忘。尽管TGA的临床现象学已有详尽描述，但其发病机制目前尚不清楚，因此无法制定基于证据的治疗建议。在此，根据记忆的历史记忆痕迹概念（现因近期实验研究而得到充实），将TGA、TEA和功能性遗忘症视为记忆形成和回忆过程中活跃的记忆痕迹神经元分布式集合的紊乱。如果能够进行干预以重新激活潜在或沉默的记忆痕迹，这种分析可为这些病症提供治疗启示。
