消毒副产物2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌对蓝藻的影响：从生物化学和非靶向代谢组学角度

The Effects of Disinfection Byproduct 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone on the Cyanobacterium : From the Perspectives of Biochemistry and Non-Targeted Metabolomics.

作者信息

Zhang Tianqi, Wang Zhaoyang, Wu Liang, Liu Chaonan, Meng Liang, Tian Fuxiang, Hou Meifang, Lin Haizhuan, Ye Jing

机构信息

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

出版信息

Toxics. 2025 Jan 17;13(1):64. doi: 10.3390/toxics13010064.

2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) is an emerging chlorinated disinfection byproduct (DBP) in bodies of water. However, this compound poses an unknown toxic effect on cyanobacteria. In this study, the toxicological mechanisms of 2,6-DCBQ in () were investigated through physiological and nontargeted metabolomic assessments. The results show that 2,6-DCBQ inhibited the growth of , reduced its photosynthetic pigment and protein contents, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, damaged the antioxidant defense system, and aggravated the cytomembrane. Meanwhile, 2,6-DCBQ stimulated the production and release of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and altered the transcripts of genes associated with its synthesis (, ) and transport (). In addition, nontargeted metabolomics of cells exposed to 0.1 mg/L 2,6-DCBQ identified 208 differential metabolites belonging to 10 metabolic pathways and revealed the considerable interference caused by 2,6-DCBQ among ABC transporters, the two-component system, and folate biosynthesis. This study deepens the understanding of the physiological and nontargeted metabolomic responses of exposed to 2,6-DCBQ, offers insights into the toxic effect of 2,6-DCBQ on , and provides a theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment of emerging DBPs in accordance with water quality criteria.

2,6-二氯-1,4-苯醌（2,6-DCBQ）是水体中一种新出现的氯化消毒副产物（DBP）。然而，该化合物对蓝藻的毒性作用尚不清楚。在本研究中，通过生理和非靶向代谢组学评估，研究了2,6-DCBQ对（此处原文缺失相关蓝藻名称）的毒理学机制。结果表明，2,6-DCBQ抑制了（此处原文缺失相关蓝藻名称）的生长，降低了其光合色素和蛋白质含量，增加了活性氧水平，破坏了抗氧化防御系统，并使细胞膜受损。同时，2,6-DCBQ刺激了微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）的产生和释放，并改变了与其合成（此处原文缺失相关基因名称）和运输（此处原文缺失相关基因名称）相关的基因转录本。此外，对暴露于0.1 mg/L 2,6-DCBQ的（此处原文缺失相关蓝藻名称）细胞进行非靶向代谢组学分析，鉴定出属于10条代谢途径的208种差异代谢物，揭示了2,6-DCBQ对ABC转运蛋白、双组分系统和叶酸生物合成的显著干扰。本研究加深了对暴露于2,6-DCBQ的（此处原文缺失相关蓝藻名称）生理和非靶向代谢组学反应的理解，为2,6-DCBQ对（此处原文缺失相关蓝藻名称）的毒性作用提供了见解，并为根据水质标准对新出现的消毒副产物进行生态风险评估提供了理论依据。