Das Puja, Jungari Suresh
Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, Centre of Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Glob Health Action. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):2433331. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2433331. Epub 2025 Jan 24.
Menstrual health is critical for women of reproductive age. It is also evident that menstrual disorders have contributed to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases.
To our knowledge, no literature review explicitly addresses the prevalence, risk factors, and health-seeking behaviour of menstrual disorders in India. Therefore, the current study aims to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of menstrual disorders in India over the last two decades.
We followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct the review. We used Google Scholar, PubMed, JSTOR, Scopus, and Sci Direct search engines to find eligible research studies and extracted data from 2000 to 2022. We also conducted quality appraisals of included studies in the review.
Results show that the prevalence of any menstrual disorders ranges from 3% to 87%. Among all menstrual disorders, Dysmenorrhea was reported to be high (46% to 76%) among women, followed by premenstrual symptoms (PMS) (40% to 71%), while PCOS (3% to 14.14%) was less. The study further found that irregular lifestyle, obesity, inadequate diet, age at marriage, family history, smoking, and place of residence factors is associated with menstrual disorders in India. As far as health-seeking for menstrual disorders is concerned, one-third of women sought treatment for menstrual disorders.
The present study has revealed that most women reported high rates of Dysmenorrhea, while Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is less prevalent. The study findings suggest that health-seeking behaviour is the most important factor in reducing menstrual disorders, which has long-term effects of increasing other comorbidities.
月经健康对育龄女性至关重要。月经失调导致非传染性疾病负担日益加重这一点也很明显。
据我们所知，尚无文献综述明确探讨印度月经失调的患病率、风险因素及就医行为。因此，本研究旨在综合过去二十年印度月经失调患病率及风险因素的现有科学证据。
我们遵循PRISMA指南进行综述。使用谷歌学术、PubMed、JSTOR、Scopus和科学直搜等搜索引擎查找符合条件的研究，并提取2000年至2022年的数据。我们还对综述中纳入的研究进行了质量评估。
结果显示，任何月经失调的患病率在3%至87%之间。在所有月经失调中，痛经在女性中报告的比例较高（46%至76%），其次是经前症状（PMS）（40%至71%），而多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）（3%至14.14%）的比例较低。该研究进一步发现，在印度，生活方式不规律、肥胖、饮食不足、结婚年龄、家族病史、吸烟和居住地点等因素与月经失调有关。就月经失调的就医情况而言，三分之一的女性因月经失调寻求治疗。
本研究表明，大多数女性报告痛经发生率较高，而多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的患病率较低。研究结果表明，就医行为是减少月经失调的最重要因素，月经失调长期会增加其他合并症的发生。
