Klinkovská Klára, Sperandii Marta Gaia, Knollová Ilona, Danihelka Jiří, Hájek Michal, Hájková Petra, Hroudová Zdenka, Jiroušek Martin, Lepš Jan, Navrátilová Jana, Peterka Tomáš, Petřík Petr, Prach Karel, Řehounková Klára, Rohel Jaroslav, Sobotka Vojtěch, Vávra Michal, Bruelheide Helge, Chytrý Milan
Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Jan;31(1):e70030. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70030.
In recent decades, global change and local anthropogenic pressures have severely affected natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Although disentangling the effects of these factors is difficult, they are reflected in changes in the functional composition of plant communities. We present a comprehensive, large-scale analysis of long-term changes in plant communities of various non-forest habitat types in the Czech Republic based on 1154 vegetation-plot time series from 53 resurvey studies comprising 3909 vegetation-plot records. We focused not only on taxonomic diversity but also on the functional characteristics of communities. Species richness of most habitat types increased over time, and taxonomic and functional community composition shifted significantly. Habitat specialists and threatened species became less represented in plant communities, indicating a decline in habitat quality. The spread of trees, shrubs, tall herbaceous plants, strong competitors, and nutrient-demanding species in all non-forest habitats, coupled with the decline of light-demanding species, suggests an effect of eutrophication and natural succession following the abandonment of traditional management. Moreover, we identified specific trends in certain habitats. In wetlands, springs, and mires, moisture-demanding species decreased, probably due to drainage, river regulations, and increasing drought resulting from climate change. Dry grasslands, ruderal, weed, sand, and shallow-soil vegetation became more mesic, and successional processes were most pronounced in these communities, suggesting a stronger effect of abandonment of traditional management and eutrophication. In alpine and subalpine vegetation, meadows and mesic pastures, and heathlands, insect-pollinated species declined, and the proportion of grasses increased. Overall, these functional changes provide deep insights into the underlying drivers and help conservationists take appropriate countermeasures.
近几十年来，全球变化和局部人为压力严重影响了自然生态系统及其生物多样性。尽管很难厘清这些因素的影响，但它们反映在植物群落功能组成的变化中。我们基于来自53项重新调查研究的1154个植被样地时间序列（包含3909条植被样地记录），对捷克共和国各种非森林栖息地类型的植物群落长期变化进行了全面、大规模的分析。我们不仅关注分类多样性，还关注群落的功能特征。大多数栖息地类型的物种丰富度随时间增加，分类和功能群落组成发生了显著变化。栖息地 specialists 和受威胁物种在植物群落中的占比减少，表明栖息地质量下降。树木、灌木、高大草本植物、强竞争者和需养分物种在所有非森林栖息地中的扩散，以及喜光物种的减少，表明了富营养化和传统管理废弃后自然演替的影响。此外，我们还确定了某些栖息地的特定趋势。在湿地、泉水和泥炭地中，需水物种减少，可能是由于排水、河流整治以及气候变化导致的干旱加剧。干旱草原、杂草地、沙地和浅层土壤植被变得更加湿润，演替过程在这些群落中最为明显，这表明传统管理废弃和富营养化的影响更强。在高山和亚高山植被、草甸和中生牧场以及石南荒地中，虫媒授粉物种减少，禾本科植物的比例增加。总体而言，这些功能变化为潜在驱动因素提供了深刻见解，并有助于保护主义者采取适当的应对措施。
