Alsaif Bandar, Asweto Collins Otieno, Hassan Sehar-Un-Nisa, Alzain Mohamed Ali, Saeed Mohammed Elshiekh, Kassar Ahmed, Ali Kamal Elbssir Mohammed, Ghorbel Mouna, Zrieq Rafat, Wang Wei
Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 24;20(1):e0317127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317127. eCollection 2025.
University students in Saudi Arabia are embracing some of the negative traits of the fast-paced modern lifestyle, typified by unhealthy eating, low physical activity, and poor sleep habits that may increase their risk for poor health. Health and holistic well-being at the population level are among the priorities of the 2030 vision of a vibrant society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study thus aims at determining the prevalence and predictive factors of Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) among university students.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 9,026 undergraduate students between 31st May and 15th June 2023. The data was collected through an online questionnaire using the Arabic translation of the SHS (ASHSQ-25) and the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ). The chi-square test, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), hierarchical multiple regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were performed to analyze the data using IBM SPSS software (version 25.0) at a significance level of p<0.05.
The findings showed that 33.7% (3038) of the students were classified as having SHS. The prevalence of SHS was statistically higher among younger and those studying social science discipline, overweight, had poor diets, engaged in low physical activity, and slept <6 hours (p<0.001). Canonical loadings of these factors were significant in predicting the five SHS dimensions range (0.52-0.97). Furthermore, the extracted significant variables from the multiple regression analysis indicated the final model (Model 3) was statistically significant, R2 = 0.646, F (6,9019), p <0.0001, suggesting that 64.6% of the variance in the SHS can be explained by the predictor variables in the model. These variables included age, college, academic level, diet, BMI, and sleeping duration.
Findings show that modifiable predictors such as poor sleep quality, higher BMI scores, and poor dietary habits increase SHS risk among university students in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the findings of this study emphasize the necessity of early interventions that promote healthy lifestyles.
沙特阿拉伯的大学生正在接纳快节奏现代生活方式的一些负面特征，其典型表现为不健康的饮食、低体力活动以及不良睡眠习惯，这些可能会增加他们健康状况不佳的风险。在沙特阿拉伯王国充满活力的社会的2030愿景中，人口层面的健康和整体幸福感是优先事项之一。因此，本研究旨在确定大学生中健康状况欠佳（SHS）的患病率及预测因素。
于2023年5月31日至6月15日对9026名本科生进行了一项横断面研究。通过在线问卷收集数据，问卷使用了健康状况欠佳的阿拉伯语翻译版本（ASHSQ - 25）和简单生活方式指标问卷（SLIQ）。使用IBM SPSS软件（版本25.0）进行卡方检验、典型相关分析（CCA）、分层多元回归和受试者工作特征（ROC）分析，显著性水平为p<0.05。
研究结果显示，33.7%（3038名）的学生被归类为健康状况欠佳。在较年轻的学生、学习社会科学学科的学生、超重的学生、饮食不良的学生、体力活动少的学生以及睡眠时间不足6小时的学生中，健康状况欠佳的患病率在统计学上更高（p<0.001）。这些因素的典型载荷在预测五个健康状况欠佳维度范围（0.52 - 0.97）方面具有显著性。此外，多元回归分析中提取的显著变量表明最终模型（模型3）具有统计学显著性，R2 = 0.646，F（6,9019），p <0.0001，这表明健康状况欠佳中64.6%的方差可以由模型中的预测变量解释。这些变量包括年龄、学院、学术水平、饮食、体重指数（BMI）和睡眠时间。
研究结果表明，可改变的预测因素，如睡眠质量差、较高的BMI分数和不良饮食习惯，会增加沙特阿拉伯大学生健康状况欠佳的风险。因此，本研究结果强调了促进健康生活方式的早期干预措施的必要性。
