Bevilacqua Mariana Rosa Ribeiro, Costa-Paiva Lucia, Pedro Adriana Orcesi
From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Menopause. 2025 Feb 1;32(2):134-141. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002467.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in Brazilian women.
A cross-sectional population-based household survey was conducted among 749 women aged 45 to 60 years. The dependent variable was the presence of GSM, which was assessed using a pretested structured questionnaire. The independent variables included sociodemographic data, health-related habits and morbidities, self-perception of health, and gynecological background.
The mean age of the participants was 52.5 ± 4.4 years, and the mean age of menopause was 46.4 ± 6.2 years. GSM was prevalent in 51.4% of the women. The most prevalent symptoms were dyspareunia (35%), daily vaginal dryness (25.1%), and intercourse vaginal dryness (24%). Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that global GSM was associated with having a partner, topical estrogen treatment (TET), depression/anxiety, and rheumatological diseases. The genital symptoms of GSM were related to peri/postmenopausal status, TET, multimorbidity, sexual activity, and the absence of vaginal birth. Factors associated with GSM urinary symptoms were negative self-perception of health, having at least one vaginal birth, depression/anxiety, and rheumatological diseases. Sexual symptoms were associated with having a partner, using TET, depression/anxiety, and rheumatic disease. GSM affected the lives of 42.8% of the women to some degree, and 43% discussed their symptoms with their gynecologists.
GSM was prevalent in half of the women in this study, and several factors were associated with its presence. These results highlight the compelling need to understand these factors, improve diagnoses, and increase access to treatment.
本研究旨在确定巴西女性绝经泌尿生殖综合征（GSM）的患病率及其预测因素。
对749名年龄在45至60岁的女性进行了一项基于人群的横断面家庭调查。因变量是GSM的存在情况，通过预先测试的结构化问卷进行评估。自变量包括社会人口统计学数据、健康相关习惯和疾病、健康自我认知以及妇科背景。
参与者的平均年龄为52.5±4.4岁，平均绝经年龄为46.4±6.2岁。51.4%的女性患有GSM。最常见的症状是性交困难（35%）、日常阴道干燥（25.1%）和性交时阴道干燥（24%）。泊松回归分析表明，总体GSM与有伴侣、局部雌激素治疗（TET）、抑郁/焦虑以及风湿性疾病有关。GSM的生殖器症状与绝经前后状态、TET、多种疾病、性活动以及未顺产有关。与GSM泌尿系统症状相关的因素包括对健康的负面自我认知、至少有一次顺产、抑郁/焦虑以及风湿性疾病。性症状与有伴侣、使用TET、抑郁/焦虑以及风湿性疾病有关。GSM在一定程度上影响了42.8%女性的生活，43%的女性与妇科医生讨论过她们的症状。
在本研究中，一半女性患有GSM，且有几个因素与其存在相关。这些结果凸显了迫切需要了解这些因素、改善诊断并增加治疗途径。
