Möller Kathleen, Maruskin Tomas, Ludwig Michael, Blank Wolfgang, Eisenmann Stephan, Jenssen Christian, Findeisen Hajo, Möller Burkhard, Dietrich Christoph F
Medical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
Department General Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hospitals Hirslanden Bern Beau Site, Salem and Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jan 14;15(2):176. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15020176.
Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare, and their appearance on ultrasound (US) is also described less frequently than pleural metastases or malignancies. There are few descriptions of contrast-enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in particular. This review introduces the basics of transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) of the pleura and CEUS of the pleura and lung. CEUS is recommended for pulmonary applications in the EFSUMB guidelines in non-hepatic applications. This article provides an overview of the characteristics of benign pleural thickening, tumor-like lesions, and benign pleural tumors on transthoracic B-mode US with color Doppler imaging (CDI) and CEUS. In detail, characteristics in TUS and CEUS are described for infectious/inflammatory pleural thickening (empyema, tuberculous pleuritis, hemothorax, fibrothorax), pleural thickening in various systemic diseases, in tumor-like conditions (plaques, splenosis, endometriosis, mesothelial cysts, lymphangiomatosis) and benign tumors (lipoma, benign SFT, schwannoma, solitary extramedullary/extraosseous plasmacytoma). The descriptions are illustrated by corresponding US and CEUS images.
胸膜增厚可能是炎症或感染的结果，但也可能起源于肿瘤。根据临床情况，胸膜病变或肿块最初常被怀疑为恶性。良性胸膜肿瘤罕见，其在超声（US）下的表现也比胸膜转移瘤或恶性肿瘤的描述更少。特别是关于对比增强超声（CEUS）的描述很少。本综述介绍了经胸超声（TUS）检查胸膜及胸膜和肺部CEUS的基础知识。在非肝脏应用中，EFSUMB指南推荐将CEUS用于肺部检查。本文概述了经胸B超联合彩色多普勒成像（CDI）及CEUS检查时良性胸膜增厚、肿瘤样病变及良性胸膜肿瘤的特征。详细描述了感染性/炎症性胸膜增厚（脓胸、结核性胸膜炎、血胸、纤维胸）、各种全身性疾病中的胸膜增厚、肿瘤样病变（斑块、脾组织植入、子宫内膜异位症、间皮囊肿、淋巴管瘤病）及良性肿瘤（脂肪瘤、良性孤立性纤维性肿瘤、神经鞘瘤、孤立性髓外/骨外浆细胞瘤）在TUS和CEUS检查中的特征。文中配有相应的US和CEUS图像以作说明。
