Helbok Ottavia V Z, Sousa Luiz V A, Herdy Artur H, Laporta Gabriel Z, Raimundo Rodrigo D
Medical School Research Department, Centro Universitario para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajai (Unidavi), Rio do Sul 89160-932, SC, Brazil.
Study Design and Scientific Writing Laboratory, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jan 9;22(1):78. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010078.
The trained heart adapts through geometric changes influenced by concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, depending on the predominance of the isometric or dynamic components of the exercise performed. Additionally, alterations in heart rhythm may occur due to increased vagal system activity. Cardiological evaluation with an electrocardiogram (ECG) aims to identify cardiac conditions that could temporarily or permanently disqualify an athlete from competition. This study sought to compare electrocardiographic findings in regular exercisers with those observed in athletes and to correlate these findings with training duration and load. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 154 participants divided into two groups: exercisers (EG) and athletes (AG). Data were collected on exercise type, weekly training time and practice duration. Each participant underwent a resting ECG, analyzed by two independent physicians, with a third review in case of disagreement. The Seattle criteria were applied to categorize ECG changes as physiological, borderline or abnormal. The findings revealed that 75% of athletes exhibited ECG changes, with left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy and incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) being the most prevalent. Age (PR = 0.92; = 0.004) and exercise duration (PR = 1.00; = 0.004) significantly influenced the observed electrocardiographic changes. The majority of both regular exercisers and athletes displayed ECG alterations, with the prevalence increasing with age and training duration.
经过训练的心脏会通过向心性和离心性肥大所影响的几何变化来适应，这取决于所进行运动的等长或动力成分的主导情况。此外，由于迷走神经系统活动增加，可能会出现心律改变。通过心电图（ECG）进行的心脏评估旨在识别可能使运动员暂时或永久失去参赛资格的心脏状况。本研究旨在比较经常锻炼者与运动员的心电图检查结果，并将这些结果与训练时长和负荷相关联。对154名参与者进行了一项横断面研究，他们被分为两组：锻炼者组（EG）和运动员组（AG）。收集了运动类型、每周训练时间和练习时长的数据。每位参与者都接受了静息心电图检查，由两名独立的医生进行分析，如有分歧则由第三名医生进行复查。应用西雅图标准将心电图变化分类为生理性、临界性或异常性。结果显示，75%的运动员出现了心电图变化，左心室和/或右心室肥大以及不完全性右束支传导阻滞（IRBBB）最为常见。年龄（PR = 0.92； = 0.004）和运动时长（PR = 1.00； = 0.004）对观察到的心电图变化有显著影响。大多数经常锻炼者和运动员都有心电图改变，其患病率随年龄和训练时长的增加而上升。
