Ujeyl Amaar, Niederseer David
Praxis LANS Cardio, Hamburg, Deutschland.
MSc Sports Cardiology, St. George's University of London, London, Großbritannien.
Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2023 Mar;34(1):10-18. doi: 10.1007/s00399-022-00917-0. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) has become a mobile and cost-effective routine assessment tool to risk stratify leisure-time and professional athletes during preparticipation screening. A central goal is the reduction of sudden cardiac death in sports through early recognition of the most prevalent underlying cardiac pathologies, e.g., hereditary cardiomyopathies or primary arrhythmias.
Continuous evolution of the first ECG criteria for athletes, presented in 2010 by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), has helped to improve the specificity of the criteria to both detect cardiac pathologies in early stages and differentiate from physiologic adaptation of the athlete's heart. Thus, the risk of false-positive findings and erroneous stigmatizations of athletes has been successfully reduced.
This review article intends to trace back the changes of the ECG criteria in the light of a growing body of scientific evidence over the last 15 years, to present the key messages of the current International ECG criteria from 2017 and to identify some of the remaining challenges that wait to be answered by physicians in the field of sports medicine and sports cardiology.
心电图（ECG）已成为一种便于携带且经济高效的常规评估工具，用于在参与运动前筛查期间对业余和职业运动员进行风险分层。一个核心目标是通过早期识别最常见的潜在心脏疾病，如遗传性心肌病或原发性心律失常，来减少运动中的心源性猝死。
欧洲心脏病学会（ESC）于2010年提出的运动员心电图标准不断演变，有助于提高标准的特异性，既能在早期检测出心脏疾病，又能与运动员心脏的生理适应性相区分。因此，运动员假阳性结果和错误污名化的风险已成功降低。
这篇综述文章旨在根据过去15年不断增加的科学证据追溯心电图标准的变化，介绍2017年现行国际心电图标准的关键信息，并确定运动医学和运动心脏病学领域医生有待解决的一些剩余挑战。
