Wooten Savannah V, Moestl Stefan, Chilibeck Phil, Alvero Cruz José Ramón, Mittag Uwe, Tank Jens, Tanaka Hirofumi, Rittweger Jörn, Hoffmann Fabian
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jan 18;11:630148. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.630148. eCollection 2020.
Cardiac function and morphology are known to differ between men and women. Sex differences seen with echocardiography have not been studied systematically in masters athletes.
To evaluate sex differences in cardiac structure, function and left ventricular (LV) systolic global longitudinal strain among masters athletes.
This cross-sectional study comprises of 163 masters athletes ( = 109, 60 ± 12 years; = 55, 57 ± 12 years, range 36-91 years) who participated at the 23rd World Masters Athletics Championship held in Málaga, Spain. All athletes underwent state-of-the-art echocardiography including cardiac function, morphology, strain and hemodynamic assessment.
Left ventricular mass was higher in male than in female athletes (174 ± 44 vs. 141 ± 36 , < 0.01) due to greater end-diastolic intraventricular septal, LV posterior wall and LV basal diameter. However, LV mass index did not differ between the groups. End-diastolic LV volume and right ventricular area, both indexed to body-surface-area, were greater in men than in women (52.8 ± 11.0 vs. 46.1 ± 8.5 ml/m, < 0.01, 9.5 ± 2.4 vs. 8.1 ± 1.7 cm/m, < 0.01). In contrast, women had higher LV systolic global longitudinal strain (-20.2 ± 2.6 vs. -18.8 ± 2.6%, < 0.01) and LV outflow tract flow velocity (75.1 ± 11.1 vs. 71.2 ± 11.1 cm/s, = 0.04). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LV ejection fraction, and stroke volume index were not different between sexes.
Cardiac sex differences are present even among masters athletes. Lifelong exercise training does not appear to exasperate morphological difference to a point of cardiac risk or dysfunction in both male and female athletes.
已知男性和女性的心脏功能和形态存在差异。在高龄运动员中，尚未对超声心动图显示的性别差异进行系统研究。
评估高龄运动员心脏结构、功能及左心室（LV）收缩期整体纵向应变的性别差异。
这项横断面研究纳入了163名高龄运动员（男性109名，年龄60±12岁；女性55名，年龄57±12岁，范围36 - 91岁），他们参加了在西班牙马拉加举行的第23届世界高龄田径锦标赛。所有运动员均接受了包括心脏功能、形态、应变和血流动力学评估在内的先进超声心动图检查。
男性运动员的左心室质量高于女性（174±44 vs. 141±36 g，P<0.01），这是由于舒张末期室间隔、左心室后壁和左心室基部直径更大。然而，两组之间的左心室质量指数并无差异。以体表面积为指标的舒张末期左心室容积和右心室面积，男性大于女性（52.8±11.0 vs. 46.1±8.5 ml/m²，P<0.01；9.5±2.4 vs. 8.1±1.7 cm²/m²，P<0.01）。相比之下，女性的左心室收缩期整体纵向应变更高（-20.2±2.6 vs. -18.8±2.6%，P<0.01），左心室流出道血流速度也更高（75.1±11.1 vs. 71.2±11.1 cm/s，P = 0.04）。收缩压和舒张压、左心室射血分数及每搏量指数在性别之间无差异。
即使在高龄运动员中也存在心脏性别差异。终身运动训练似乎并未使男性和女性运动员的形态差异加剧到存在心脏风险或功能障碍的程度。
