Searching for More Effective Food Baits for Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Performance of Newly Developed Vial-Lures Relative to Torula Yeast Borax.

Food-baited traps are an important part of early detection programs for invasive tephritid fruit fly species, as they are attractive to both sexes of all targeted species. Torula yeast borax (TYB) mixture is a standard food bait, but its longevity is limited (1-2 weeks). Synthetic food-based lures have been developed, including ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine. However, the different formulations of these synthetic lures vary greatly in their attractiveness and longevity. Here, we present the results of field trapping in several Central and South American countries as well as Hawaii that compared captures of , spp., and in traps baited with torula yeast borax, which was replaced weekly, versus traps baited with newly developed vial-lures, which contained the same three components noted above and were not replaced over 6-10 weeks of trapping. In all countries, captures of . in vial-lure-baited traps were equal to or greater than captures in TYB-baited traps. However, the vial-lures attracted fewer . than TYB, and data were inconsistent for spp. The implications of these results for large-scale detection programs are discussed.