Manzanares-Sierra Ana, Monsonís-Güell Eduard, Gómez Crisanto, Abril Sílvia, Moreno-Gómez Mara
Environmental Science Department, University of Girona,17003 Girona, Spain.
Acondicionamiento Tarrasense, Carrer de la Innovació 2, 08225 Terrassa, Spain.
Insects. 2025 Jan 18;16(1):98. doi: 10.3390/insects16010098.
Concerns about the negative effects of traditional insecticides and increasing insecticide resistance have prompted the exploration of botanical alternatives like essential oils (EOs). The registration of biocides is a mandatory procedure, and some regions have established a special status for compounds that meet specific low-risk criteria, which includes certain EOs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of sixteen EOs, both registered as low-risk biocides and/or standard biocides, against the German cockroach, . A topical application was performed with undiluted EOs (15 µL) on the dorsal surface of awake cockroaches. The results showed significant variations in efficacy, as follows: thyme, sweet orange, and lavender oils were the most effective, achieving 100% mortality within 24 h and a less than 30 s knockdown effect. In contrast, linseed and cottonseed oils were the least effective, resulting in 70% and 40% 24 h mortality. Remarkably, some EOs registered as low-risk biocides performed as well as the ones registered as standard biocides, suggesting that this category does not have to always be at odds with efficacy. Future research should adopt practical, application-driven approaches to ensure bioinsecticides balance performance and safety, meeting both regulatory and consumer demands.
对传统杀虫剂负面影响的担忧以及杀虫剂抗性的增加，促使人们探索诸如精油（EOs）等植物性替代品。生物杀灭剂的注册是一项强制性程序，一些地区已为符合特定低风险标准的化合物（包括某些精油）确立了特殊地位。本研究旨在评估和比较16种已注册为低风险生物杀灭剂和/或标准生物杀灭剂的精油对德国小蠊的效果。将未稀释的精油（15微升）局部涂抹在清醒蟑螂的背部。结果显示效果存在显著差异，如下所示：百里香、甜橙和薰衣草油最有效，在24小时内达到100%死亡率且击倒效果小于30秒。相比之下，亚麻籽油和棉籽油效果最差，24小时死亡率分别为70%和40%。值得注意的是，一些注册为低风险生物杀灭剂的精油与注册为标准生物杀灭剂的精油表现相当，这表明这一类别不一定总是与效果相悖。未来的研究应采用实用的、以应用为导向的方法，以确保生物杀虫剂在性能和安全性之间取得平衡，满足监管和消费者的需求。
