Rubio Carmen, López-Landa Alejandro, Romo-Parra Hector, Rubio-Osornio Moisés
Neurophysiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla City 72000, Mexico.
Life (Basel). 2025 Jan 9;15(1):71. doi: 10.3390/life15010071.
The ketogenic diet (KD), high in fat and low in carbohydrates, was introduced in the 1920s as a non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, beneficial effects have been observed in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
This review examines the impact of the ketogenic diet and its molecular and neuroglial effects as a complementary therapy for neurological diseases.
KD is associated with neuroprotective and antioxidant effects that improve mitochondrial function, regulate neurotransmitter flow, and reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Glial cells play an essential role in the utilization of ketone bodies (KBs) within the central nervous system's metabolism, particularly during ketosis induced by the KD. Thus, the KD represents a broad and promising strategy that involves both neurons and glial cells, with a molecular impact on brain metabolism and neuroinflammatory homeostasis.
Multiple molecular mechanisms have been identified to explain the benefits of the KD in neurological diseases; however, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to address various molecular pathways in order to achieve conclusive results.
生酮饮食（KD）高脂肪、低碳水化合物，于20世纪20年代被引入作为难治性癫痫的非药物治疗方法。尽管其作用机制尚未完全明确，但在癫痫、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经疾病中已观察到有益效果。
本综述探讨生酮饮食作为神经疾病辅助治疗的影响及其分子和神经胶质细胞效应。
生酮饮食具有神经保护和抗氧化作用，可改善线粒体功能、调节神经递质流动并减轻神经炎症和氧化应激。胶质细胞在中枢神经系统代谢中酮体（KBs）的利用中起重要作用，尤其是在生酮饮食诱导的酮症期间。因此，生酮饮食是一种涉及神经元和胶质细胞的广泛且有前景的策略，对脑代谢和神经炎症稳态具有分子影响。
已确定多种分子机制来解释生酮饮食在神经疾病中的益处；然而，需要进一步的实验和临床研究来探讨各种分子途径，以获得确凿结果。
