Mitta Kyriaki, Tsakiridis Ioannis, Drizou Smaragda, Michos Georgios, Kalogiannidis Ioannis, Mamopoulos Apostolos, Christodoulaki Chryssi, Panagopoulos Periklis, Dagklis Themistoklis
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 11;14(2):431. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020431.
Smoking has adverse effects on both maternal and fetal health and its incidence varies among different countries. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and to identify factors associated with smoking. This was a retrospective study conducted at the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, during an 11-year period (2013-2023). All women receiving antenatal care in our unit were eligible to participate when they attended the prenatal unit for the first trimester nuchal translucency scan (11-13 weeks). Of the 12,074 pregnant women included in the study, 5005 (41.5%) reported themselves as smokers before pregnancy; the smoking cessation rate due to pregnancy was 70.2% (3516/5005) and the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy was 12.3% (1489/12,074). Multiparity was associated with less odds of smoking before pregnancy (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73-0.85), whereas advanced maternal age (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.27) and obesity (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.29-1.6) were associated with higher odds of smoking before pregnancy. Smoking prevalence in pregnancy was lower in women that conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.38-0.70) and higher in cases of multiparity (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.008-1.26) and maternal obesity (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.20-2.00). Conception via ARTs was associated with higher odds of smoking cessation (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.38-2.69), whereas multiparous (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.62-0.8) and obese women (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) were less likely to quit smoking. Pregnancy is a strong motivator for women to quit smoking, especially in primiparous women and those undergoing ARTs. Our findings highlight the need for more consistent smoking prevention and health promotion strategies in Greece as a very high proportion of women smoke before pregnancy and a substantial proportion continue in pregnancy.
吸烟对孕产妇和胎儿健康均有不良影响，且其发生率在不同国家有所差异。本研究的目的是确定孕期吸烟的患病率，并找出与吸烟相关的因素。这是一项回顾性研究，于2013年至2023年的11年期间，在希腊塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学健康科学学院医学院第三妇产科进行。在我们科室接受产前护理的所有女性，在孕早期（11 - 13周）到产前科室进行颈部透明带扫描时均有资格参与。在纳入研究的12074名孕妇中，5005名（41.5%）报告自己在怀孕前吸烟；因怀孕而戒烟的比例为70.2%（3516/5005），孕期吸烟患病率为12.3%（1489/12074）。多胎妊娠与怀孕前吸烟几率较低相关（比值比：0.79；95%置信区间：0.73 - 0.85），而高龄产妇（比值比：1.17；95%置信区间：1.07 - 1.27）和肥胖（比值比：1.44；95%置信区间：1.29 - 1.6）与怀孕前吸烟几率较高相关。通过辅助生殖技术（ARTs）受孕的女性孕期吸烟患病率较低（比值比：0.52；95%置信区间：0.38 - 0.70），多胎妊娠（比值比：1.12；95%置信区间：1.008 - 1.26）和孕产妇肥胖（比值比：1.55；95%置信区间：1.20 - 2.00）的情况下患病率较高。通过ARTs受孕与戒烟几率较高相关（比值比：1.9；95%置信区间：1.38 - 2.69），而多胎产妇（比值比：0.7；95%置信区间：0.62 - 0.8）和肥胖女性（比值比：0.72；95%置信区间：0.61 - 0.8）戒烟的可能性较小。怀孕是女性戒烟很强的动力，尤其是初产妇和接受ARTs的女性。我们的研究结果凸显了希腊需要更一致的吸烟预防和健康促进策略，因为有很高比例的女性在怀孕前吸烟，且有相当比例的女性在孕期继续吸烟。
