Ghahremani Taylor, Britt Anna Bailey, Ray Emily, Jones Ashton, Du Ruofei, Magann Everett F
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. Slot # 518, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 11;14(2):441. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020441.
Case reports and case series have linked umbilical vein varices (UVVs) with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Newer case reports and series suggest better perinatal outcomes in cases with an isolated UVV. The purpose of this literature review is to determine if there is commonality in management, outcomes, and association in pregnancy with UVV and fetal aneuploidy, growth restriction, demise, thrombosis, and turbulent flow. Secondly, we will review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and incidence of UVV. A literature search was undertaken using the search engines PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. The search terms used were "umbilical vein" AND "varix" OR "umbilical varix" AND "fetal death" OR "fetal demise" AND "guideline" AND "outcome" OR "abnormality" OR "abnormalities". There were 169 abstracts identified. We identified 392 cases of UVV from our literature review. There is a higher risk of fetal anomalies, fetal aneuploidy, and intrauterine fetal demise in pregnancies with UVV. The risk for fetal growth restriction is in the higher range of normal. Turbulence in and thrombosis of the UVV are concerning developments that influence fetal surveillance. Pregnancies with a UVV are more likely to have fetal anomalies, aneuploidy, and IUFD. We propose an antenatal assessment and management plan and recommendations for the timing of delivery. Our aim is to analyze existing literature to identify and combine case reports and case series of umbilical vein varix and analyze fetal and perinatal outcomes.
病例报告和病例系列研究已将脐静脉静脉曲张（UVV）与不良妊娠结局联系起来。最新的病例报告和系列研究表明，孤立性UVV病例的围产期结局较好。本综述的目的是确定UVV与胎儿非整倍体、生长受限、死亡、血栓形成和血流紊乱在妊娠管理、结局及关联方面是否存在共性。其次，我们将回顾UVV的诊断、病理生理学、鉴别诊断及发病率。使用搜索引擎PubMed、CINAHL和Embase进行文献检索。所用检索词为“脐静脉”和“静脉曲张”或“脐静脉曲张”以及“胎儿死亡”或“胎死宫内”以及“指南”和“结局”或“异常”或“异常情况”。共识别出169篇摘要。通过文献综述，我们确定了392例UVV病例。UVV妊娠中胎儿畸形、胎儿非整倍体和胎儿宫内死亡的风险较高。胎儿生长受限的风险处于正常范围的较高水平。UVV内的血流紊乱和血栓形成是影响胎儿监测的令人担忧的情况。有UVV的妊娠更有可能出现胎儿畸形、非整倍体和IUFD。我们提出了一项产前评估和管理计划以及分娩时机的建议。我们的目的是分析现有文献，以识别和汇总脐静脉曲张的病例报告和病例系列，并分析胎儿和围产期结局。
