Bregant Carlo, Batista Eduardo, Hilário Sandra, Linaldeddu Benedetto Teodoro, Alves Artur
Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Pathogens. 2025 Jan 20;14(1):103. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14010103.
Globally, forests are constantly threatened by a plethora of disturbances of natural and anthropogenic origin, such as climate change, forest fires, urbanization, and pollution. Besides the most common stressors, during the last few years, Portuguese forests have been impacted by severe decline phenomena caused by invasive pathogens, many of which belong to the genus . The genus includes a large number of species that are invading forest ecosystems worldwide, chiefly as a consequence of global trade and human activities. This paper reports the results of a survey of diversity in natural and semi-natural forest ecosystems in Portugal along an elevation gradient. Isolations performed from 138 symptomatic plant tissues and rhizosphere samples collected from 26 plant species yielded a total of 19 species belonging to 6 phylogenetic clades, including (36 isolates), (20), (9), (8), (8), (8), (6), (6), (5), (5), (4), (4), (3), (3), (3), (3), (2), (2), and (1). Overall, the data obtained highlight the widespread occurrence of in natural ecosystems from sea level to mountain habitats. The results of the pathogenicity tests carried out on 2-year-old chestnut plants confirmed the key role of in the recrudescence of chestnut ink disease and the additional risk posed by , , and to Portuguese chestnut forests. Finally, three species, , , and , are reported for the first time in the natural ecosystems of Portugal.
在全球范围内，森林不断受到大量自然和人为干扰的威胁，如气候变化、森林火灾、城市化和污染。除了最常见的压力源外，在过去几年中，葡萄牙的森林还受到入侵病原体引起的严重衰退现象的影响，其中许多病原体属于 属。该属包括大量正在全球范围内入侵森林生态系统的物种，主要是全球贸易和人类活动的结果。本文报告了一项沿着海拔梯度对葡萄牙自然和半自然森林生态系统中 多样性进行调查的结果。从26种植物的138个有症状的植物组织和根际样本中进行分离，共获得19种属于6个系统发育分支的 物种，包括 （36个分离株）、 （20个）、 （9个）、 （8个）、 （8个）、 （8个）、 （6个）、 （6个）、 （5个）、 （5个）、 （4个）、 （4个）、 （3个）、 （3个）、 （3个）、 （3个）、 （2个）、 （2个）和 （1个）。总体而言，获得的数据突出了 在从海平面到山区栖息地的自然生态系统中的广泛存在。对2年生栗树进行的致病性测试结果证实了 在栗树墨汁病复发中的关键作用，以及 、 和 对葡萄牙栗树林构成的额外风险。最后， 、 和 这三个物种首次在葡萄牙的自然生态系统中被报道。
