Akshat Tegginamath, Petru Michal, Mishra Rajesh Kumar
Department of Machine Parts and Mechanism, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jan 11;17(2):168. doi: 10.3390/polym17020168.
This article is a numerical and experimental study of the mechanical properties of different glass, flax and hybrid composites. By utilizing hybrid composites consisting of natural fibers, the aim is to eventually reduce the percentage usage of synthetic or man-made fibers in composites and obtain similar levels of mechanical properties that are offered by composites using synthetic fibers. This in turn would lead to greener composites being utilized. The advantage of which would be the presence of similar mechanical properties as those of composites made from synthetic fibers along with a reduction in the overall weight of components, leading to much more eco-friendly vehicles. Finite element simulations (FEM) of mechanical properties were performed using ANSYS. The FEM simulations and analysis were performed using standards as required. Subsequently, actual beams/frames with a defined geometry were fabricated for applications in automotive body construction. The tensile performance of such frames was also simulated using ANSYS-based models and was experimentally verified. A correlation with the results of the FEM simulations of mechanical properties was established. The maximum tensile strength of 415 MPa was found for sample 1: G-E (glass-epoxy composite) and the minimum strength of 146 MPa was found for sample 2: F-G-E (G-4) (flax-glass-epoxy composite). The trends were similar, as obtained by simulation using ANSYS. A comparison of the results showed the accuracy of the numerical simulation and experimental specimens with a maximum error of about 8.05%. The experimental study of the tensile properties of polymer matrix composites was supplemented with interlaminar shear strength, and a high accuracy was found. Further, the maximum interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 18.5 MPa was observed for sample 1: G-E and the minimum ILSS of 17.0 MPa was observed for sample 2: F-G-E (G-4). The internal fractures were analyzed using a computer tomography analyzer (CTAn). Sample 2: F-G-E (G-4) showed significant interlaminar cracking, while sample 1: G-E showed fiber failure through the cross section rather than interlaminar failure. The results indicate a practical solution of a polymer composite frame as a replacement for existing heavier components in a car, thus helping towards weight reduction and fuel efficiency.
本文是对不同玻璃、亚麻和混杂复合材料力学性能的数值与实验研究。通过使用由天然纤维组成的混杂复合材料，目标是最终降低复合材料中合成或人造纤维的使用比例，并获得与使用合成纤维的复合材料相似的力学性能水平。这反过来将促使使用更环保的复合材料。其优势在于具有与合成纤维制成的复合材料相似的力学性能，同时降低部件的整体重量，从而使车辆更加环保。使用ANSYS对力学性能进行了有限元模拟（FEM）。FEM模拟和分析按照要求的标准进行。随后，制造了具有特定几何形状的实际梁/框架，用于汽车车身结构。此类框架的拉伸性能也使用基于ANSYS的模型进行了模拟，并通过实验进行了验证。建立了与力学性能FEM模拟结果的相关性。发现样品1：G-E（玻璃-环氧树脂复合材料）的最大拉伸强度为415MPa，样品2：F-G-E（G-4）（亚麻-玻璃-环氧树脂复合材料）的最小强度为146MPa。通过ANSYS模拟获得的趋势相似。结果比较表明数值模拟和实验样本的准确性，最大误差约为8.05%。对聚合物基复合材料拉伸性能的实验研究补充了层间剪切强度，并且发现了较高的精度。此外，观察到样品1：G-E的最大层间剪切强度（ILSS）为18.5MPa，样品2：F-G-E（G-4）的最小ILSS为17.0MPa。使用计算机断层扫描分析仪（CTAn）分析内部断裂情况。样品2：F-G-E（G-4）显示出明显的层间开裂，而样品1：G-E显示出纤维贯穿截面的破坏而非层间破坏。结果表明聚合物复合材料框架可作为汽车中现有较重部件的替代品的实际解决方案，从而有助于减轻重量和提高燃油效率。
