Bösch Elana Sophie, Spörri Jörg, Scherr Johannes
University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 10;17(2):242. doi: 10.3390/nu17020242.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in precision nutrition and its potential for disease prevention. Differences in individual responses to diet, especially among populations of different ancestry, have underlined the importance of understanding the effects of genetic variations on nutrient intake (nutrigenomics). Since humans generally cannot synthesize essential vitamins, the maintenance of healthy bodily functions depends on dietary vitamin intake. Understanding the differences in vitamin uptake and metabolism across diverse populations may allow for targeted treatment plans and improved overall health. We assessed the current scientific evidence on genetic variations (such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) affecting vitamin metabolism in humans.
A systematic literature review of primary studies on genetic variations associated with (personalized) nutrition was conducted. Using key terms related to personalized nutrition, nutrigenomics, SNPs, and genetic variations, three online databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and 2023 that included healthy adult subjects. Only results that were confirmed at least once were included. Study quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool.
Eighty-six articles were included in this review. Our analysis revealed associations with homocysteine metabolism and B Vitamins, Vitamin D, and components of Vitamin E. Genetic associations with Vitamin D, particularly with the GC gene, were extensively researched and linked to lower 25(OH)D concentrations, with sunlight exposure as a contributing factor. Most variants had a negative effect on homocysteine levels. Additionally, we observed general increases in carotenoid levels in the presence of SNPs, although more research on Selenium and Selenoprotein P concentrations is warranted. No studies on Vitamin C were obtained, indicating an area for further methodological improvement. Ancestry is believed to be a significant factor influencing SNP associations and significance.
The current review emphasizes the importance of genetics in targeted disease prevention and health care. Our comprehensive findings may provide healthcare practitioners with reliable information to make recommendations in precision nutrition, specifically vitamin supplementation.
背景/目的：近年来，人们对精准营养及其疾病预防潜力的兴趣与日俱增。个体对饮食的反应存在差异，尤其是在不同血统的人群中，这凸显了理解基因变异对营养摄入（营养基因组学）影响的重要性。由于人类通常无法合成必需维生素，维持身体健康功能依赖于膳食维生素摄入。了解不同人群在维生素摄取和代谢方面的差异，可能有助于制定针对性的治疗方案并改善整体健康状况。我们评估了关于影响人类维生素代谢的基因变异（如单核苷酸多态性（SNP））的现有科学证据。
对与（个性化）营养相关的基因变异的原始研究进行了系统的文献综述。使用与个性化营养、营养基因组学、SNP和基因变异相关的关键词，在三个在线数据库中搜索了2007年至2023年发表的包含健康成年受试者的研究。仅纳入至少被证实一次的结果。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）的批判性评价工具评估研究质量。
本综述纳入了86篇文章。我们的分析揭示了与同型半胱氨酸代谢、B族维生素、维生素D和维生素E成分的关联。与维生素D的基因关联，特别是与GC基因的关联，得到了广泛研究，并与较低的25（OH）D浓度相关，阳光照射是一个促成因素。大多数变异对同型半胱氨酸水平有负面影响。此外，我们观察到在存在SNP的情况下类胡萝卜素水平普遍升高，尽管关于硒和硒蛋白P浓度的研究还需要更多。未获得关于维生素C的研究，这表明在方法学上还有进一步改进的空间。血统被认为是影响SNP关联和显著性的一个重要因素。
当前的综述强调了遗传学在针对性疾病预防和医疗保健中的重要性。我们的综合研究结果可能为医疗从业者提供可靠信息，以便在精准营养，特别是维生素补充方面提出建议。
