Bustos-Arriagada Edson, Vásquez Fabián, Etchegaray-Armijo Karina, López-Arana Sandra
Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics School, Universidad Finis Terrae, Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7501015, Chile.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 17;17(2):327. doi: 10.3390/nu17020327.
Nutritional issues, including overweight and obesity, along with the rising number of immigrants facing their own nutritional problems, continue to keep Chile on alert.
To evaluate the epidemiological and nutritional status changes among Chilean and immigrant boys, girls, and adolescents (BGA) in schools evaluated by the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) from 2013 to 2023.
This descriptive study analyzed individual, anonymous, and de-identified data on the nutritional status of BGA in pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, first grade, fifth grade, and the first year of high school using the JUNAEB Nutritional Map.
The sample consisted of 8,128,014 BGA, 49.2% women and 50.8% men. In 2013, immigrant BGA represented 0.4% of the total number of children evaluated, and by 2023, this percentage increased to 7.9%. It was observed that Chilean BGA had a lower proportion of thinness, risk of thinness, stunting, and normal weight, but a higher proportion of overnutrition compared to immigrants, similar to observations made during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparisons by sex showed that Chilean and immigrant women had a lower percentage of thinness, risk of thinness, obesity, severe obesity, and stunting, and a higher proportion of normal weight when compared to men.
The rise in immigrant BGA within the Chilean school system, together with the nutritional differences between both groups, highlights the need to consider these particularities when designing nutritional public policies in the health and education sectors.
包括超重和肥胖在内的营养问题，以及面临自身营养问题的移民数量不断增加，持续让智利保持警惕。
评估2013年至2023年期间，由国家学校援助和奖学金委员会（JUNAEB）评估的学校中，智利本土及移民的男孩、女孩和青少年（BGA）的流行病学和营养状况变化。
这项描述性研究使用JUNAEB营养地图，分析了学前班、幼儿园、一年级、五年级和高中一年级BGA营养状况的个体、匿名且去识别化的数据。
样本包括8,128,014名BGA，其中女性占49.2%，男性占50.8%。2013年，移民BGA占评估儿童总数的0.4%，到2023年，这一比例增至7.9%。据观察，与移民相比，智利本土BGA消瘦、消瘦风险、发育迟缓及正常体重的比例较低，但营养过剩的比例较高，这与新冠疫情期间的观察结果相似。按性别比较显示，与男性相比，智利本土及移民女性消瘦、消瘦风险、肥胖、重度肥胖和发育迟缓的比例较低，正常体重的比例较高。
智利学校系统内移民BGA数量的增加，以及两组之间的营养差异，凸显了在卫生和教育部门制定营养公共政策时考虑这些特殊性的必要性。
