Zheng Yuling, Cai Zhenyu, Wang Zheng, Maruza Tagarika Munyaradzi, Zhang Guoping
Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 7;14(2):148. doi: 10.3390/plants14020148.
Heat stress is one of the major concerns for wheat production worldwide. Morphological parameters such as germination, leaf area, shoot, and root growth are affected by heat stress, with affected physiological parameters including photosynthesis, respiration, and water relation. Heat stress also leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that disrupt the membrane systems of thylakoids, chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane. The deactivation of the photosystems, reduction in photosynthesis, and inactivation of Rubisco affect the production of photo-assimilates and their allocation, consequently resulting in reduced grain yield and quality. The development of thermo-tolerant wheat varieties is the most efficient and fundamental approach for coping with global warming. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects related to heat stress tolerance in wheat, including damages caused by heat stress, mechanisms of heat stress tolerance, genes or QTLs regulating heat stress tolerance, and the methodologies of breeding wheat cultivars with high heat stress tolerance. Such insights are essential for developing thermo-tolerant wheat cultivars with high yield potential in response to an increasingly warmer environment.
热胁迫是全球小麦生产的主要担忧之一。发芽、叶面积、地上部和根系生长等形态学参数会受到热胁迫的影响，受影响的生理参数包括光合作用、呼吸作用和水分关系。热胁迫还会导致活性氧的产生，这些活性氧会破坏类囊体、叶绿体和质膜的膜系统。光系统的失活、光合作用的降低以及核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（Rubisco）的失活会影响光合产物的产生及其分配，从而导致籽粒产量和品质下降。培育耐热小麦品种是应对全球变暖最有效、最根本的方法。本文综述全面概述了与小麦耐热性相关的各个方面，包括热胁迫造成的损害、耐热胁迫的机制、调控耐热胁迫的基因或数量性状位点（QTL），以及培育高耐热性小麦品种的方法。这些见解对于培育在日益变暖的环境下具有高产潜力的耐热小麦品种至关重要。
