ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Plant Cell Rep. 2022 Mar;41(3):501-518. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02784-4. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
Increasing temperature is a key component of global climate change, affecting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Wheat is a major cereal crop grown in various parts of the globe, which is affected severely by heat stress. The morphological parameters affected include germination, seedling establishment, source-sink activity, leaf area, shoot and root growth. The physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, respiration, leaf senescence, water and nutrient relation are also affected by heat. At the cellular level, heat stress leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that disrupt the membrane system of thylakoid, chloroplast and plasma membrane. The deactivation of the photosystem, reduction in photosynthesis and inactivation of rubisco affect the production of photoassimilates and their allocation. This ultimately affects anthesis, grain filling, size, number and maturity of wheat grains, which hamper crop productivity. The interplay of various systems comprising antioxidants and hormones plays a crucial role in imparting heat stress tolerance in wheat. Thus, implementation of various omics technologies could foster in-depth insights on heat stress effects, eventually devising heat stress mitigation strategies by conventional and modern breeding to develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties. This review provides an integrative view of heat stress responses in wheat and also discusses approaches to develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties.
温度升高是全球气候变化的关键组成部分，影响着全球范围内的作物生长和生产力。小麦是全球广泛种植的主要谷类作物，它受到热胁迫的严重影响。受影响的形态学参数包括发芽、幼苗建立、源库活动、叶面积、茎和根生长。光合作用、呼吸作用、叶片衰老、水和养分关系等生理参数也受到热的影响。在细胞水平上，热胁迫会导致活性氧的产生，破坏类囊体、叶绿体和质膜的膜系统。光系统失活、光合作用减少和 rubisco 失活会影响光合同化物的产生及其分配。这最终会影响小麦的开花、灌浆、粒重、粒数和成熟，从而影响作物的生产力。包含抗氧化剂和激素的各种系统的相互作用在赋予小麦耐热性方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，实施各种组学技术可以深入了解热应激效应，最终通过传统和现代育种来制定减轻热应激的策略，以培育耐热小麦品种。本文综述了小麦对热应激的反应，并讨论了培育耐热小麦品种的方法。
