Yu Junshuang, Xian Ling, Liu Fan
Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 8;14(2):162. doi: 10.3390/plants14020162.
In constructed wetlands (CWs) with multiple plant communities, population structure may change over time and these variations may ultimately influence water quality. However, in CWs with multiple plant communities, it is still unclear how population structure may change over time and how these variations ultimately influence water quality. Here, we established a CW featuring multiple plant species within a polder to investigate the variation in plant population structure and wastewater treatment effect for drainage water over the course of one year. Our results showed that the total species decreased from 52 to 36; however, 20 established species with different ecological types (emerged or submerged) remained with the same functional assembly for nutrient absorption, accounting for 94.69% of relative richness at the initial stage and 91.37% at the last state. The Shannon index showed no significant differences among the initial, middle, and last states. Meanwhile, regarding nutrient content, the total phosphorus (TP) concentration decreased by 57.66% at the middle stage and by 56.76% at the last state. Total nitrogen (TN) decreased by 50.86% and 49.30%, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased by 36.83% and 38.47%, while chlorophyll a (Chla) decreased by 72.36% and 78.54%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results indicated that none of the selected environmental variables significantly affected the species community except for conductivity. Our findings suggest that when utilizing multiple species for CWs, it is essential to focus on the well-established species within the plant community. By maintaining these well-established species, water purification in CWs can be sustained.
在具有多个植物群落的人工湿地（CWs）中，种群结构可能随时间变化，而这些变化最终可能影响水质。然而，在具有多个植物群落的人工湿地中，种群结构如何随时间变化以及这些变化最终如何影响水质仍不清楚。在此，我们在圩区内建立了一个具有多种植物物种的人工湿地，以研究植物种群结构的变化以及一年内排水的废水处理效果。我们的结果表明，物种总数从52种减少到36种；然而，20种已定植的具有不同生态类型（挺水或沉水）的物种在养分吸收功能组合上保持不变，在初始阶段占相对丰富度的94.69%，在最后阶段占91.37%。香农指数在初始、中期和最后阶段之间没有显著差异。同时，关于养分含量，总磷（TP）浓度在中期下降了57.66%，在最后阶段下降了56.76%。总氮（TN）分别下降了50.86%和49.30%。化学需氧量（COD）下降了36.83%和38.47%，而叶绿素a（Chla）分别下降了72.36%和78.54%。冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，除电导率外，所选环境变量均未对物种群落产生显著影响。我们的研究结果表明，在人工湿地中使用多种物种时，必须关注植物群落中已定植良好的物种。通过维持这些已定植良好的物种，可以维持人工湿地的水净化。
