Sarwar Sadaf, Sami Adnan, Haider Muhammad Zeshan, Tasawar Layba, Akram Jannat, Ahmad Arsalan, Shafiq Muhammad, Zaki Haitham E M, Ondrasek Gabrijel, Shahid Muhammad Shafiq
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore P.O. Box 54590, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore P.O. Box 54590, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 17;14(2):249. doi: 10.3390/plants14020249.
The (citrus) plant produces various phytohormones due to the significant involvement of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase () gene family in its growth and development. genes can be divided into two main categories: (9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase), responsible for abscisic acid (ABA) production, and (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase), involved in pigment and strigolactone formation. To better understand the roles and positions of gene members in relation to these hormones, researchers analyzed the clementine genome. To identify their structural features, they employed phylogenetic analysis, protein interactions, localization, structure, miRNA targets, evolutionary analysis, and transcriptome studies. The study revealed the presence of 15 genes, including 11 and 4 genes, scattered across various chromosomes, with the majority located in chloroplasts. Promoter sequencing analysis indicated the presence of different cis-regulatory elements that likely interacted with phytohormones, such as auxin and abscisic acid among others. Notably, two genes, and , were significantly expressed among the genes, and these were found to be expressed during stress and played a crucial role in enabling optimal plant development. Furthermore, a comprehensive genome-wide comparison of genes in and models was conducted to understand their functional characteristics. This research provides a solid foundation for further exploration of the unique attributes of the plant, contributing to a deeper understanding of its growth and development processes.
由于类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶（CCD）基因家族在其生长发育中发挥着重要作用，柑橘属植物会产生多种植物激素。CCD基因可分为两大类：9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶（NCED），负责脱落酸（ABA）的产生；以及类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶（CCD），参与色素和独脚金内酯的形成。为了更好地理解CCD基因成员与这些激素相关的作用和地位，研究人员分析了克莱门氏小柑橘基因组。为了确定它们的结构特征，他们采用了系统发育分析、蛋白质相互作用、定位、结构、miRNA靶标、进化分析和转录组研究。该研究揭示了15个CCD基因的存在，包括11个NCED基因和4个CCD基因，分布在不同染色体上，大多数位于叶绿体中。启动子测序分析表明存在不同的顺式调控元件，这些元件可能与植物激素相互作用，如生长素和脱落酸等。值得注意的是，在这些基因中，两个基因NCED1和NCED2显著表达，并且发现它们在胁迫期间表达，并在使植物实现最佳发育方面发挥关键作用。此外，还对柑橘和拟南芥模型中的CCD基因进行了全基因组综合比较，以了解它们的功能特征。这项研究为进一步探索柑橘属植物的独特属性提供了坚实基础，有助于更深入地了解其生长发育过程。
