水溶性维生素：儿科人群中的维生素缺乏症和维生素过多症
Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population.
作者信息
Paparella Roberto, Panvino Fabiola, Leonardi Lucia, Pucarelli Ida, Menghi Michela, Micangeli Ginevra, Tarani Francesca, Niceta Marcello, Rasio Debora, Pancheva Rouzha, Fiore Marco, Tarani Luigi
机构信息
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
出版信息
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jan 16;17(1):118. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010118.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Water-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pediatric populations, particularly infants and young children, face a heightened risk of both deficiency and, in rare cases, toxicity due to varying dietary intake and increased developmental needs. This review explores the clinical importance of water-soluble vitamins, focusing on hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children.
METHODS
A narrative review of the recent literature on the sources, recommended intakes, deficiency symptoms, and potential toxicities associated with each water-soluble vitamin was conducted.
RESULTS
Deficiencies in water-soluble vitamins can lead to diverse clinical outcomes, such as neurological, hematological, and immune-related symptoms, depending on the specific vitamin involved. Pediatric populations with increased nutritional needs, such as those experiencing rapid growth or with malabsorption conditions, are particularly vulnerable to vitamin insufficiencies. Conversely, although uncommon, excessive intake of certain water-soluble vitamins may cause mild toxicity, primarily gastrointestinal or neurological.
CONCLUSIONS
Monitoring water-soluble vitamin levels and providing tailored nutritional support are critical to prevent the adverse effects of hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Further research is needed to refine pediatric nutritional guidelines and address the specific needs of young patients, supporting optimal health outcomes.
背景/目的：水溶性维生素，包括B族维生素和维生素C，对于儿童的正常生长、细胞代谢和免疫功能至关重要。由于人体储存有限，这些维生素需要持续摄入以预防缺乏。儿童群体，尤其是婴幼儿，由于饮食摄入不同和发育需求增加，面临着缺乏以及在罕见情况下中毒的更高风险。本综述探讨了水溶性维生素的临床重要性，重点关注儿童的维生素缺乏症和维生素过多症。
方法
对近期有关每种水溶性维生素的来源、推荐摄入量、缺乏症状和潜在毒性的文献进行叙述性综述。
结果
水溶性维生素缺乏可导致多种临床结果，如神经、血液和免疫相关症状，具体取决于所涉及的特定维生素。营养需求增加的儿童群体，如生长迅速或患有吸收不良疾病的儿童，特别容易出现维生素不足。相反，虽然不常见，但某些水溶性维生素摄入过量可能会导致轻度中毒，主要是胃肠道或神经方面的。
结论
监测水溶性维生素水平并提供量身定制的营养支持对于预防儿童维生素缺乏症和维生素过多症的不良影响至关重要。需要进一步研究以完善儿童营养指南并满足年轻患者的特殊需求，以支持最佳健康结果。
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