Ortiz-Islas Emma, Montes Pedro, Rodríguez-Pérez Citlali Ekaterina, Ruiz-Sánchez Elizabeth, Sánchez-Barbosa Talía, Pichardo-Rojas Diego, Zavala-Tecuapetla Cecilia, Carvajal-Aguilera Karla, Campos-Peña Victoria
Laboratorio de Neurofarmacologia Molecular y Nanotecnologia, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Neuroinmunoendocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jan 17;17(1):128. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010128.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an escalating global health crisis, constituting the leading cause of dementia among the elderly and profoundly impairing their quality of life. Current FDA-approved drugs, such as rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and memantine, offer only modest symptomatic relief and are frequently associated with significant adverse effects. Faced with this challenge and in line with advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative condition, various innovative therapeutic strategies have been explored. Here, we review novel approaches inspired by advanced knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Among the therapeutic alternatives, immunotherapy stands out, employing monoclonal antibodies to specifically target and eliminate toxic proteins implicated in AD. Additionally, the use of medicinal plants is examined, as their synergistic effects among components may confer neuroprotective properties. The modulation of the gut microbiota is also addressed as a peripheral strategy that could influence neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes in the brain. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of emerging approaches, such as the use of microRNAs to regulate key cellular processes and nanotherapy, which enables precise drug delivery to the central nervous system, is analyzed. Despite promising advances in these strategies, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease continues to rise. Therefore, it is proposed that achieving effective treatment in the future may require the integration of combined approaches, maximizing the synergistic effects of different therapeutic interventions.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一场不断升级的全球健康危机，是老年人痴呆的主要病因，严重损害他们的生活质量。目前美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的药物，如卡巴拉汀、多奈哌齐、加兰他敏和美金刚，仅能提供适度的症状缓解，且常伴有显著的不良反应。面对这一挑战，随着对这种神经退行性疾病病理生理学认识的进展，人们探索了各种创新的治疗策略。在此，我们回顾受该疾病潜在病理生理机制的先进知识启发而产生的新方法。在治疗选择中，免疫疗法尤为突出，它利用单克隆抗体特异性靶向并清除与AD相关的有毒蛋白质。此外，还研究了药用植物的使用，因为其成分之间的协同作用可能具有神经保护特性。肠道微生物群的调节也作为一种可能影响大脑神经炎症和退行性过程的外周策略进行了探讨。此外，还分析了新兴方法的治疗潜力，如使用微小RNA调节关键细胞过程以及纳米疗法，后者能够将药物精确递送至中枢神经系统。尽管这些策略取得了令人鼓舞的进展，但阿尔茨海默病的发病率仍在持续上升。因此，有人提出，未来要实现有效的治疗可能需要整合多种方法，最大限度地发挥不同治疗干预措施的协同作用。
