Pihlaja Riikka, Ollila Henriikka, Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari, Koskinen Sanna, Salmela Viljami, Tiainen Marjaana, Hästbacka Johanna, Hokkanen Laura
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Division of Neuropsychology, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025 Jan 25:1-13. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2025.2454352.
Cognitive impairment in patients with COVID-19 has been reported, but findings are inconsistent. This study assessed cognitive functioning 6 months post-infection across three COVID-19 severity groups compared to non-COVID controls. Seventy-two ICU-treated, 49 ward-treated, and 44 home-isolated patients with COVID-19, along with 48 controls, underwent neuropsychological evaluation and assessment of subjective cognitive symptoms, depressive symptoms, and fatigue. Cognitive test scores were compared using ANCOVA. Associations between cognitive functioning and variables including demographics, illness severity, comorbidities, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and ICU-related factors were examined with hierarchical linear regression models. Results showed no significant differences in cognitive test performance of impairment frequencies between COVID-19 groups and controls. However, patients with COVID-19 reported higher levels of subjective cognitive symptoms, depressive symptoms, and fatigue compared to controls. Predictors of cognitive functioning included age, education, and, to a lesser extent, comorbidities. COVID-19 severity, depression, fatigue, or ICU-related variables did not significantly impact performance. These findings suggest that while individual cognitive impairments may exist, overall cognitive functioning in patients with COVID-19 was comparable to controls.
已有报告称新冠病毒病（COVID-19）患者存在认知障碍，但研究结果并不一致。本研究评估了感染后6个月时三个COVID-19严重程度组患者的认知功能，并与非COVID对照组进行比较。72名接受重症监护病房（ICU）治疗的、49名接受病房治疗的以及44名居家隔离的COVID-19患者，连同48名对照组人员，接受了神经心理学评估以及主观认知症状、抑郁症状和疲劳的评估。使用协方差分析比较认知测试分数。采用分层线性回归模型研究认知功能与包括人口统计学、疾病严重程度、合并症、抑郁症状、疲劳以及与ICU相关因素等变量之间的关联。结果显示，COVID-19组与对照组在认知测试表现或损伤频率方面无显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，COVID-19患者报告的主观认知症状、抑郁症状和疲劳水平更高。认知功能的预测因素包括年龄、教育程度，以及在较小程度上的合并症。COVID-19严重程度、抑郁、疲劳或与ICU相关的变量对表现没有显著影响。这些发现表明，虽然可能存在个体认知障碍，但COVID-19患者的总体认知功能与对照组相当。
