Ollila Henriikka, Tiainen Marjaana, Pihlaja Riikka, Koskinen Sanna, Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari, Salmela Viljami, Hokkanen Laura, Hästbacka Johanna
Perioperative and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2025 Mar 18;45:100980. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100980. eCollection 2025 May.
COVID-19 survivors may present with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms long after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
To determine subjective cognitive, psychiatric, and fatigue symptoms two years after COVID-19, and their change from six months to two years.
We assessed three COVID-19 patient groups of different acute disease severity (ICU-treated, ward-treated, home-isolated) concerning subjective cognitive functioning (AB Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale 6), and fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory) with a mailed questionnaire approximately two years after acute COVID-19. We compared the results with those obtained six months after the acute disease. We studied whether any change emerged in the scores of symptomatic patients between six- and 24-month follow-ups.
Two years post-COVID-19, 58 ICU-treated, 35 ward-treated, and 28 home-isolated patients responded to the questionnaire. Subjective cognitive symptoms and fatigue emerged as the most common problems occurring in 30.6 and 35.5% of patients, respectively. In patients with clinically significant symptoms at six months, symptom scores for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress decreased at two years.
Two years after COVID-19, particularly self-reported cognitive symptoms and fatigue remained clinically significant, but also some recovery was evident in depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress.
新冠病毒感染急性期过后很长时间，新冠疫情康复者可能会出现认知和精神症状。
确定新冠疫情两年后患者的主观认知、精神和疲劳症状，以及这些症状从六个月到两年期间的变化情况。
我们通过邮寄问卷的方式，对三组不同急性疾病严重程度（入住重症监护病房治疗、病房治疗、居家隔离）的新冠患者进行了评估，内容涉及主观认知功能（AB神经心理学评估量表）、焦虑（广泛性焦虑障碍量表7项）、抑郁（患者健康问卷9项）、创伤后应激（事件影响量表6项）和疲劳（多维疲劳量表），评估时间为急性感染新冠病毒大约两年后。我们将结果与急性疾病六个月后的结果进行了比较。我们研究了有症状患者在六个月至24个月随访期间症状评分是否出现任何变化。
新冠疫情两年后，58名入住重症监护病房治疗、35名病房治疗和28名居家隔离的患者回复了问卷。主观认知症状和疲劳是最常见的问题，分别出现在30.6%和35.5%的患者中。在六个月时有临床显著症状的患者中，抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激的症状评分在两年时有所下降。
新冠疫情两年后，特别是自我报告的认知症状和疲劳在临床上仍然显著，但抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激也有明显恢复。
