Jeong Ayoung, Lovison Gianfranco, Bussalleu Alonso, Cirach Marta, Dadvand Payam, de Hoogh Kees, Flexeder Claudia, Hoek Gerard, Imboden Medea, Karrasch Stefan, Koppelman Gerard H, Kress Sara, Ljungman Petter, Majewska Renata, Pershagen Göran, Pickford Regina, Shen Youchen, Vermeulen Roel C H, Vlaanderen Jelle J, Vogli Megi, Wolf Kathrin, Yu Zhebin, Melén Erik, Pac Agnieszka, Peters Annette, Schikowski Tamara, Standl Marie, Gehring Ulrike, Probst-Hensch Nicole
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Environ Int. 2025 Feb;196:109269. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109269. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
The independent and interrelated long-term effects of the exposome such as air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature on lung function are not well understood, yet relevant in the light of climate change.
Pre-bronchodilation FEV1 from five mature birth cohorts (N = 4724) and three adult cohorts (N = 6052) from five European countries were used to assess cross-sectional associations with air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature, assigned to their residential address. All two-way interactions and square terms were a priori included in building the final elastic net regression model. Elastic net regression results were put into the context of different environmental scenarios such as improvement of air quality, improvement of greenness, climate change, or their combinations.
Elastic net regression of FEV1 z-scores identified non-zero coefficients for many interaction terms, indicating the importance of joint effects of exposure to air pollution, greenness, and temperature. The non-zero coefficients were bigger and more stable in adults than in children. Upon exploring lung function benefits for different environmental scenarios, an improvement of FEV1 was expected in the scenario of improving air quality or greenness. In contrast, negative changes in FEV1 z-scores were expected in the scenario of climate change, characterized by daily temperature increase in summer and decrease in winter. The beneficial FEV1 effects of improving air pollution or greenness were attenuated in the presence of climate change.
Complex exposome profiles of long-term exposure to air pollution, greenness, and temperature showed associations with FEV1 in European adults, and to less extent in children and adolescents. Climate change seems to have a negative impact on lung function and modifies the association of air pollution and greenspace with lung function.
暴露组的长期影响，如空气污染、绿化程度和环境温度，其独立及相互关联的影响对肺功能的作用尚未完全明确，但鉴于气候变化，这些影响具有相关性。
来自五个欧洲国家的五个成熟出生队列（N = 4724）和三个成人队列（N = 6052）的支气管扩张前FEV1，用于评估与分配到其居住地址的空气污染、绿化程度和环境温度的横断面关联。在构建最终的弹性网回归模型时，先验地纳入了所有双向交互作用和平方项。弹性网回归结果被置于不同的环境情景中，如空气质量改善、绿化程度改善、气候变化或它们的组合。
FEV1 z分数的弹性网回归确定了许多交互项的非零系数，表明暴露于空气污染、绿化程度和温度的联合效应的重要性。非零系数在成人中比在儿童中更大且更稳定。在探索不同环境情景下的肺功能益处时，预计在空气质量改善或绿化程度改善的情景中FEV1会有所改善。相比之下，在气候变化情景中，预计FEV1 z分数会出现负变化，其特征是夏季每日温度升高，冬季温度降低。在气候变化存在的情况下，改善空气污染或绿化程度对FEV1的有益影响会减弱。
长期暴露于空气污染、绿化程度和温度的复杂暴露组特征与欧洲成年人的FEV1相关，在儿童和青少年中的相关性较小。气候变化似乎对肺功能有负面影响，并改变了空气污染和绿地与肺功能的关联。
