Herber Caroline L M, Breuninger Christoph, Tuschen-Caffier Brunna
Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Department for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Germany.
J Affect Disord. 2025 Apr 15;375:331-341. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.110. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Increased emotional reactivity to stress, emotional dysregulation and sleep disturbances are interdependent trans-diagnostic processes that are present in internalising disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. This study investigated which objective and subjective parameters of stress reactivity, sleep and emotional processing would predict symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults.
Participants were adolescents and young adults between the ages of 14 to 21 (N = 106, 25[24 %] male, M age = 17.93). Heart rate, heart rate variability, and subjective stress levels were measured before, during and after a stress induction using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Questionnaires on internalising symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and sleep quality were used. For seven consecutive nights, objective sleep parameters were measured with a wearable device.
Heart rate and heart rate variability after (but not during) the stress induction and emotion dysregulation predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower subjective sleep quality (but not the objective sleep parameters) was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms.
A cross-sectional design, no measurement of daily activity or naps, and only self-report measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as emotion dysregulation.
The findings of elevated cardiovascular activation after - but not during - the stress induction and emotion dysregulation underlines problems in regulating and recovering from stress as predictors of youth internalising psychopathology. Differences between subjective and objective measures of sleep and stress reactivity suggests a role of cognitive biases in these domains.
对压力的情绪反应增强、情绪调节障碍和睡眠障碍是相互关联的跨诊断过程，存在于诸如抑郁症和焦虑症等内化性障碍中。本研究调查了压力反应性、睡眠和情绪加工的哪些客观和主观参数可预测青少年和青年的焦虑和抑郁症状。
参与者为14至21岁的青少年和青年（N = 106，25名[24%]男性，平均年龄 = 17.93岁）。使用特里尔社会压力测试（TSST）在压力诱导前、期间和之后测量心率、心率变异性和主观压力水平。使用关于内化症状、情绪调节障碍和睡眠质量的问卷。连续七个晚上，使用可穿戴设备测量客观睡眠参数。
压力诱导后（而非期间）的心率和心率变异性以及情绪调节障碍可预测抑郁和焦虑症状。较低的主观睡眠质量（而非客观睡眠参数）与抑郁和焦虑症状相关。情绪调节障碍介导了睡眠质量与抑郁症状之间的关系。
横断面设计，未测量日常活动或小睡，仅通过自我报告测量抑郁和焦虑症状以及情绪调节障碍。
压力诱导后（而非期间）心血管激活升高以及情绪调节障碍的研究结果强调了压力调节和恢复方面的问题，这些问题可作为青少年内化性精神病理学的预测指标。睡眠和压力反应性的主观和客观测量之间的差异表明认知偏差在这些领域中起作用。
