Comparison of the diagnostic performance of non-contrast MR angiography and planar V/Q scintigraphy for pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES

To conduct a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of non-contrast magnetic resonance pulmonary angiography (NC-MRPA) and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Systematic searches of electronic databases were conducted from 2000 to 2024. Primary outcomes were per-patient sensitivity and specificity of NC-MRPA and V/Q scintigraphy. The pooled sensitivities, specificities, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using a random-effect analysis. Summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were obtained.

RESULTS

A total of 3709 studies (1941 NC-MRPA studies) were identified through systematic searches, with eight published MRI and nine published V/Q investigations meeting inclusion criteria. The results showed that NC-MRPA had a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83-0.91) and specificity of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-0.98), yielding an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.96). V/Q scanning had a pooled sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.85) and specificity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74-0.91), yielding an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75-0.91). The pooled proportion of non-diagnostic tests for V/Q scans (34.7%, 95% CI: 30.8-38.7) was greater than that of NC-MRPA studies (3.31%, 95% CI: 1.65-4.97).

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis suggests that NC-MRPA is more specific than V/Q scintigraphy for the detection of PE, with comparable accuracy and sensitivity. NC-MRPA yielded fewer non-diagnostic scans than V/Q scintigraphy and is a feasible alternative imaging modality for diagnosing PE in patients for whom intravenous contrast administration poses a substantive risk.

KEY POINTS

Question V/Q lung scintigraphy has been used as a reserve, alternative modality for patients who cannot undergo CT pulmonary angiography. Findings Non-contrast MR angiography (MRA) is a feasible alternative for diagnosing PE in patients for whom intravenous iodinated contrast administration poses a substantial risk. Clinical relevance Non-contrast MRA provides similar sensitivity and superior specificity to V/Q scintigraphy for diagnosing PE, without ionizing radiation exposure.