Barbee Nia R, Dunlop Anne L, Corwin Elizabeth, Brennan Patricia A
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Infant Ment Health J. 2025 May;46(3):268-284. doi: 10.1002/imhj.22161. Epub 2025 Jan 26.
The proposed study sought to investigate whether maternal experiences of racial discrimination and gendered racial stress are associated with offspring executive functioning. Total 266 Black mother-child pairs in the United States were assessed from pregnancy through child age of 4 years. We hypothesized that children whose mothers reported higher rates of perceived gendered racial stress during pregnancy and racial discrimination throughout their lifetime would have lower scores on executive functioning assessments. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low maternal education and income would act as risk moderators whereas social support would act as a protective moderator in the associations between maternal experiences of discrimination (EOD) and child executive functioning. Main effect findings support our hypothesis of an intergenerational association between maternal EOD and gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores. Income was a significant moderator. As hypothesized, the association between mothers reports of lifetime discrimination and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at lower levels of income. In contrast, however, the association between maternal prenatal reports of gendered racial stress and lower child executive functioning scores was stronger at higher levels of maternal education and income. Social support did not have a significant moderating effect on any of the association.
本拟议研究旨在调查母亲的种族歧视经历和性别化种族压力是否与后代的执行功能相关。对美国的266对黑人母婴进行了评估，从孕期直至孩子4岁。我们假设，母亲报告在孕期感知到的性别化种族压力率较高且一生都遭受种族歧视的孩子，在执行功能评估中的得分会较低。此外，我们假设母亲低教育水平和低收入会起到风险调节作用，而社会支持会在母亲歧视经历（EOD）与孩子执行功能之间的关联中起到保护调节作用。主要效应结果支持了我们关于母亲EOD与性别化种族压力以及较低孩子执行功能得分之间存在代际关联的假设。收入是一个显著的调节因素。正如所假设的，母亲报告的一生歧视与较低孩子执行功能得分之间的关联在较低收入水平时更强。然而，相比之下，母亲产前报告的性别化种族压力与较低孩子执行功能得分之间的关联在较高母亲教育水平和收入水平时更强。社会支持对任何一种关联都没有显著的调节作用。
