Chang Jun, Yin Xiu-Mei, Zhang Man, Liu Jian-Wei, Zhao Lan
First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
World J Stem Cells. 2025 Jan 26;17(1):101161. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i1.101161.
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common disease that is difficult to nerve regeneration with current therapies. Fortunately, Zou demonstrated the role and mechanism of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in promoting nerve regeneration, revealing broad prospects for BMSCs transplantation in alleviating PNI. We confirmed the fact that BMSCs significantly alleviate PNI, but there are shortcomings such as low cell survival rate and immune rejection, which limit the wide application of BMSCs. BMSCs-derived exosomes (Exos) are considered as a promising cell-free nanomedicine for PNI, avoiding the ethical issues of BMSCs. Exos in combination with bioengineering therapeutics (including extracellular matrix, hydrogel) brings new hope for PNI, provides a favorable microenvironment for neurological restoration and a therapeutic strategy with a favorable safety profile, significantly increases expression of neurotrophic factors, promotes axonal and myelin regeneration, and demonstrates a strong potential to enhance neurogenesis. Therefore, engineered Exos exhibit better properties, such as stronger targeting and more beneficial components. This article briefly describes the role of nanotechnology and bioengineering therapies for BMSCs in PNI, proposes clinical application prospects and challenges of nanotechnology and bioengineering BMSCs-derived Exos in PNI to improve the efficacy of BMSCs in the treatment of PNI.
周围神经损伤（PNI）是一种常见疾病，目前的治疗方法难以实现神经再生。幸运的是，邹等人证明了骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）在促进神经再生中的作用和机制，揭示了BMSCs移植在缓解PNI方面的广阔前景。我们证实了BMSCs能显著缓解PNI这一事实，但存在细胞存活率低和免疫排斥等缺点，限制了BMSCs的广泛应用。BMSCs来源的外泌体（Exos）被认为是一种有前途的用于PNI的无细胞纳米药物，避免了BMSCs的伦理问题。Exos与生物工程治疗方法（包括细胞外基质、水凝胶）相结合为PNI带来了新希望，为神经修复提供了有利的微环境和具有良好安全性的治疗策略，显著增加神经营养因子的表达，促进轴突和髓鞘再生，并显示出增强神经发生的强大潜力。因此，工程化Exos表现出更好的特性，如更强的靶向性和更多有益成分。本文简要描述了纳米技术和生物工程治疗方法对BMSCs在PNI中的作用，提出了纳米技术和生物工程BMSCs来源的Exos在PNI中的临床应用前景和挑战，以提高BMSCs在治疗PNI中的疗效。
