Xu Xin, Pan Tianrong, Zhong Xing, Du Yijun, Zhang Deyuan
Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, 230601, China.
Lipids Health Dis. 2025 Jan 27;24(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12944-025-02449-1.
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as an alternative biomarker for insulin resistance (IR), while residual cholesterol (RC) is a simple, cost-effective, and easily detectable lipid metabolite. However, the associations of these two markers with carotid plaque presence remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore their associations with carotid plaque presence.
Participants were chosen from patients with T2DM admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2023 to April 2024, and they were separated into two groups (patients without carotid plaque and patients with carotid plaque) based on their carotid ultrasound results. By comparing the general information and biochemical indicators of the two groups, we employed multivariate logistic regression models and RCS regression models to investigate the associations of the TyG index and RC levels with carotid plaque presence, and made adjustments based on multiple confounding factors to identify the differences between subgroups.
This study comprised 278 patients with T2DM in total, including 165 males and 113 females. A multivariate logistic regression study indicated that, after adjusting statistically significant variables screened in LASSO regression, TyG index [OR (95% CI): 1.810 (1.077, 3.113)] and RC [OR (95% CI): 1.988 (1.034, 3.950)] remained the risk factors for carotid plaque presence. According to restricted cubic splines (RCS), RC levels increased linearly with carotid plaque presence (P - nonlinear > 0.05). Conversely, the TyG index and carotid plaque presence did not associate linearly (P - nonlinear < 0.05). Results of subgroup analyses showed no grouping variables exhibited association with TyG index or RC (p for interaction > 0.05).
In patients with T2DM, both TyG index and RC levels were strongly linked to carotid plaque presence, and could serve as independent risk factors for this presence. Monitoring the TyG index and RC levels can help gain a better understanding and knowledge of carotid plaque presence in patients with T2DM, offering guidance for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) in patients with T2DM.
甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数已被确定为胰岛素抵抗（IR）的替代生物标志物，而残余胆固醇（RC）是一种简单、经济高效且易于检测的脂质代谢产物。然而，这两种标志物与颈动脉斑块存在之间的关联仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨它们与颈动脉斑块存在之间的关联。
研究对象选自2023年10月至2024年4月入住安徽医科大学第二附属医院的2型糖尿病患者，并根据颈动脉超声结果将他们分为两组（无颈动脉斑块患者和有颈动脉斑块患者）。通过比较两组的一般信息和生化指标，我们采用多因素逻辑回归模型和限制立方样条（RCS）回归模型来研究TyG指数和RC水平与颈动脉斑块存在之间的关联，并基于多个混杂因素进行调整以确定亚组之间的差异。
本研究共纳入278例2型糖尿病患者，其中男性165例，女性113例。多因素逻辑回归研究表明，在对LASSO回归筛选出的具有统计学意义的变量进行调整后，TyG指数[比值比（95%置信区间）：1.810（1.077，3.113）]和RC[比值比（95%置信区间）：1.988（1.034，3.950）]仍然是颈动脉斑块存在的危险因素。根据限制立方样条分析，RC水平与颈动脉斑块存在呈线性增加（P - 非线性>0.05）。相反，TyG指数与颈动脉斑块存在无线性关联（P - 非线性<0.05）。亚组分析结果显示，没有分组变量与TyG指数或RC存在关联（交互作用P>0.05）。
在2型糖尿病患者中，TyG指数和RC水平均与颈动脉斑块存在密切相关，并可作为其独立危险因素。监测TyG指数和RC水平有助于更好地了解2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块的存在情况，为2型糖尿病患者的心脑血管疾病（CCVDs）临床防治提供指导。
