调查护士差错的二级受害者状况及相关因素：一项描述性研究。
Investigating the status of the second victims of error and related factors in nurses: a description study.
作者信息
Shahbazzadeh Fardin, Habibi Soola Aghil, Narimani Sajjad, Ajri-Khameslou Mehdi
机构信息
Moghan School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 Jan 27;24(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02669-3.
BACKGROUND
Errors not only affect patients as the primary victim but also have a negative impact on nurses as the secondary victim; therefore, understanding the reasons for the second victim's error, as well as the elements that contribute to this phenomenon, is critical for managing the mistake. The main purpose of this research was to determine the status of second victims of error and related factors in nurses.
METHODS
This is an analytical-descriptive study conducted in Iran. The study's statistical population comprised all nurses working in the five teaching hospitals of Ardabil city. A random sampling method was used. The data collection tool included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, a questionnaire on previous nursing error experience characteristics, and the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS-16 software.
RESULTS
The results obtained from this research showed that the average score of second victims of error among nurses participating in the study was 85.89 (10/17). Based on the results obtained, there was a significant relationship between the number of second victims of error phenomena with age (p < 0.01 and r = -0.179) and work experience (p < 0.01 and r = -0.156), the number of cases of errors in 12 previous months, having an error that resulted in injury in the last 12 months, the history of going to court, the way nursing errors were reported, and the way managers dealt with nurses' errors (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The nurses under study had an average level of the phenomenon of second victims of error, and a set of individual and organizational factors were influential in the development of this phenomenon. The second victim of error phenomenon was more prevalent among novice nurses, who tended to make more mistakes in a reprimanding work environment. Therefore, it is recommended that hospitals use a justice-oriented policy instead of a reprimand policy against nursing errors.
背景
差错不仅会使患者成为主要受害者，还会对护士产生负面影响，使其成为次要受害者；因此，了解次要受害者出现差错的原因以及促成这一现象的因素，对于处理差错至关重要。本研究的主要目的是确定护士差错次要受害者的现状及相关因素。
方法
这是一项在伊朗进行的分析性描述性研究。研究的统计总体包括阿尔达比勒市五家教学医院的所有护士。采用随机抽样方法。数据收集工具包括一份人口统计学特征问卷、一份关于既往护理差错经历特征的问卷以及“差错次要受害者经历与支持工具”。收集到的数据在SPSS - 16软件中进行分析。
结果
本研究所得结果显示，参与研究的护士中差错次要受害者的平均得分为85.89（满分100分）。根据所得结果，差错次要受害者现象的数量与年龄（p < 0.01，r = - 0.179）、工作经验（p < 0.01，r = - 0.156）、过去12个月内差错的数量、过去12个月内导致伤害的差错、上法庭的历史、护理差错的报告方式以及管理人员处理护士差错的方式之间存在显著关系（p < 0.05）。
结论
所研究的护士差错次要受害者现象处于平均水平，一系列个人和组织因素对这一现象的发展有影响。差错次要受害者现象在新手护士中更为普遍，在批评性的工作环境中他们往往更容易犯错。因此，建议医院针对护理差错采用注重公正的政策而非批评政策。
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