Zhao Qixiang, Wu Jiayu, Ding Yong, Pang Yanli, Jiang Changtao
Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Life Metab. 2023 Jul 23;2(6):load032. doi: 10.1093/lifemeta/load032. eCollection 2023 Dec.
In recent decades, the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome has surged, posing a significant public health challenge. Metabolic disorders, encompassing diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, have been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota. Nonetheless, the connection between gut microbiota and host metabolic diseases warrants further investigation. In this review, we delve into the associations between various metabolic disorders and the gut microbiota, focusing on immune responses and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Notably, T helper cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells have been shown to modulate host metabolism through interactions with intestinal microorganisms and the release of cytokines. Furthermore, secondary BA metabolites, derived from the microbiota, are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases via the farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. By covering both aspects of this immune system-microorganism axis, we present a comprehensive overview of the roles played by the gut microbiota, microbiota-derived BA metabolites, and immune responses in metabolic diseases, as well as the interplay between these systems.
近几十年来，全球代谢综合征的患病率急剧上升，对公共卫生构成了重大挑战。代谢紊乱，包括糖尿病、肥胖症、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和多囊卵巢综合征，都与肠道微生物群的改变有关。然而，肠道微生物群与宿主代谢疾病之间的联系仍需进一步研究。在这篇综述中，我们深入探讨了各种代谢紊乱与肠道微生物群之间的关联，重点关注免疫反应和胆汁酸（BA）代谢。值得注意的是，辅助性T细胞、固有淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞已被证明可通过与肠道微生物的相互作用和细胞因子的释放来调节宿主代谢。此外，微生物群衍生的次级BA代谢产物通过法尼醇X受体和武田G蛋白偶联受体5参与代谢疾病的发病机制。通过涵盖这个免疫系统-微生物轴的两个方面，我们全面概述了肠道微生物群、微生物群衍生的BA代谢产物和免疫反应在代谢疾病中所起的作用，以及这些系统之间的相互作用。
