Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico.
Ann Hepatol. 2017 Nov;16(Suppl. 1: s3-105.):s15-s20. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5494.
The gut microbiota has been considered a cornerstone of maintaining the health status of its human host because it not only facilitates harvesting of nutrients and energy from ingested food, but also produces numerous metabolites that can regulate host metabolism. One such class of metabolites, the bile acids, are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and further metabolized by the gut microbiota into secondary bile acids. These bioconversions modulate the signaling properties of bile acids through the nuclear farnesoid X receptor and the G protein-coupled membrane receptor 5, which regulate diverse metabolic pathways in the host. In addition, bile acids can regulate gut microbial composition both directly and indirectly by activation of innate immune response genes in the small intestine. Therefore, host metabolism can be affected by both microbial modifications of bile acids, which leads to altered signaling via bile acid receptors, and by alterations in the composition of the microbiota. In this review, we mainly describe the interactions between bile acids and intestinal microbiota and their roles in regulating host metabolism, but we also examine the impact of bile acid composition in the gut on the intestinal microbiome and on host physiology.
肠道微生物群被认为是维持其人类宿主健康状态的基石，因为它不仅有助于从摄入的食物中获取营养和能量，还产生许多可以调节宿主代谢的代谢物。其中一类代谢物胆汁酸，是由肝脏中的胆固醇合成的，然后被肠道微生物群进一步代谢为次级胆汁酸。这些生物转化通过核法尼醇 X 受体和 G 蛋白偶联膜受体 5 调节胆汁酸的信号特性，从而调节宿主中的各种代谢途径。此外，胆汁酸可以通过激活小肠中的先天免疫反应基因，直接和间接地调节肠道微生物组成。因此，宿主代谢可以受到胆汁酸的微生物修饰的影响，这会导致胆汁酸受体信号的改变，以及微生物组组成的改变。在这篇综述中，我们主要描述了胆汁酸和肠道微生物群之间的相互作用及其在调节宿主代谢中的作用，但我们也研究了肠道中胆汁酸组成对肠道微生物组和宿主生理学的影响。
