Berbaum M L, Moreland R L
Child Dev. 1985 Feb;56(1):207-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00098.x.
The confluence model of intellectual development was estimated for a within-family sample of 321 children from 101 transracial adoptive families. Mental ages of the children and their parents, as well as birth or adoption intervals, were used in a nonlinear least-squares estimation procedure to obtain children's predicted mental ages. Contrary to an earlier report using these data, the confluence model performed quite well, accounting for up to 50% of the variance in mental age. When the relationship between chronological and mental age was taken into account, the predictive power of the model was reduced but not eliminated. The confluence model was also fitted separately to various subsamples. The model generated a good fit to the data from both biological and adopted children and fit the data from early-adopted children much better than the data from later-adopted children. Both findings were taken as evidence that the confluence model provides an environmental account of intellectual development within the family.
对来自101个跨种族收养家庭的321名儿童的家庭内部样本，估计了智力发展的融合模型。在非线性最小二乘估计程序中，使用了儿童及其父母的心理年龄，以及出生或收养间隔，以获得儿童的预测心理年龄。与早期使用这些数据的报告相反，融合模型表现得相当好，解释了心理年龄差异的50%。当考虑到实际年龄与心理年龄之间的关系时，模型的预测能力有所降低，但并未消除。融合模型也分别拟合了各个子样本。该模型对亲生子女和收养子女的数据拟合良好，对早期收养儿童的数据拟合比对晚期收养儿童的数据拟合要好得多。这两个发现都被视为融合模型为家庭内部智力发展提供了一个环境解释的证据。
