Stennett Richard, Scheer Volker, Kaulback Kelly
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre-Benite, France.
J Sport Rehabil. 2025 Jan 28;34(5):470-483. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2024-0288. Print 2025 Jul 1.
Off-road running is a growing sport with little research investigating injury profiles of female participants. Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a particularly detrimental injury with little known about their incidence and risk factors in female off-road runners.
Collate and review the available evidence reporting epidemiological data and risk factors associated with BSI in female off-road runners.
Systematic literature review, without meta-analyses.
MEDLINE OVID, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and MEDLINE EBSCO. Searches were finalized in July 2024.
Studies that reported injury surveillance statistics and/or risk factors associated with BSIs in female off-road runners.
Seventeen eligible studies were included, of which all reported surveillance statistics and 2 reported risk factors associated with BSI among 897 female runners. Owing to the scarcity of data, cross-country runners were included in the population of off-road runners. Most BSIs were high severity and in the lower leg, with an overall incidence ranging from 0 to 34.39 BSIs per 100,000 athlete-exposures and prevalence ranging from 0% to 40.9%. Study characteristics were reported alongside risk of bias, quality, and level of evidence assessment outcomes from varying tools. Eight significant intrinsic risk factors were associated with BSIs in female off-road runners: increasing age, disrupted menstruation, previous BSI, increased female triad risk, and lower calcium, vitamin D, and calorie intake.
Limited by the number of studies available reporting data on the specific target population, which highlights the need for performing high-quality prospective studies in the future, this review summarizes the current epidemiological data and risk factors associated with BSIs in female off-road runners.
越野跑是一项不断发展的运动，但针对女性参与者损伤情况的研究较少。骨应力损伤（BSIs）是一种特别有害的损伤，对于女性越野跑者中其发病率和危险因素知之甚少。
整理并综述现有证据，报告女性越野跑者中与骨应力损伤相关的流行病学数据和危险因素。
系统文献综述，不进行荟萃分析。
MEDLINE OVID、PubMed、SPORTDiscus和MEDLINE EBSCO。检索于2024年7月完成。
报告女性越野跑者中与骨应力损伤相关的损伤监测统计数据和/或危险因素的研究。
纳入了17项符合条件的研究，其中所有研究都报告了监测统计数据，2项研究报告了897名女性跑步者中与骨应力损伤相关的危险因素。由于数据稀缺，越野跑者群体中纳入了越野赛跑运动员。大多数骨应力损伤严重程度较高，且发生在小腿，总体发病率为每100,000运动员暴露次数中0至34.39例骨应力损伤，患病率为0%至40.9%。研究特征与不同工具的偏倚风险、质量和证据水平评估结果一并报告。八个重要的内在危险因素与女性越野跑者的骨应力损伤相关：年龄增长、月经紊乱、既往骨应力损伤、女性三联征风险增加以及钙、维生素D和卡路里摄入量较低。
本综述受限于现有报告特定目标人群数据的研究数量，这凸显了未来开展高质量前瞻性研究的必要性，它总结了女性越野跑者中与骨应力损伤相关的当前流行病学数据和危险因素。
