Han Yingying, Guo Jia, Li Xingzhao, Zhong Zhuan
Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Department of Respiratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2025 Jan 28;35(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41533-025-00414-0.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has brought major challenges to the global health system, and influenza is also a problem that cannot be ignored. We aimed to explore and compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza to deepen the understanding of these two diseases and provide some guidance for clinicians to make differential diagnoses. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. One hundred articles involving 226,913 COVID-19 patients and 201,617 influenza patients were included, and all the articles included patients with these two diseases as experimental and control groups. Compared to influenza, COVID-19 was more common among men (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23-1.74) and people with a higher body mass index (MD = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09-1.77). The proportion of current smokers among COVID-19 patients was lower than that among influenza patients (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.33). Patients with COVID-19 had longer stays in the hospital (MD = 3.20, 95% CI: 2.58-3.82) and ICU (MD = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.44-4.76), required mechanical ventilation more frequently (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.77-3.00), and had higher mortality (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.93-2.55). We also found significant differences in some blood parameters between the two groups of patients. Upper respiratory symptoms were more obvious in influenza patients, and the proportion of comorbidities was higher than that among COVID-19 patients. There are some differences in the major characteristics, symptoms, laboratory findings and comorbidities between COVID-19 patients and influenza patients. COVID-19 patients often require more medical resources and have worse clinical outcomes.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情给全球卫生系统带来了重大挑战，流感也是一个不可忽视的问题。我们旨在探索和比较COVID-19与流感的临床特征，以加深对这两种疾病的理解，并为临床医生进行鉴别诊断提供一些指导。我们在PubMed、Embase和Web of Science上检索文章，并使用Stata 14.0软件采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。本荟萃分析按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。纳入了100篇涉及226913例COVID-19患者和201617例流感患者的文章，所有文章均将这两种疾病的患者作为实验组和对照组。与流感相比，COVID-19在男性中更为常见（OR = 1.46，95%CI：1.23 - 1.74），在体重指数较高的人群中也更为常见（MD = 1.43，95%CI：1.09 - 1.77）。COVID-19患者中当前吸烟者的比例低于流感患者（OR = 0.25，95%CI：0.18 - 0.33）。COVID-19患者的住院时间更长（MD = 3.20，95%CI：2.58 - 3.82），入住重症监护病房（ICU）的时间更长（MD = 3.10，95%CI：1.44 - 4.76）），更频繁需要机械通气（OR = 2.30，95%CI：1.77 - 3.00），死亡率更高（OR = 2.22，95%CI：1.93 - 2.55）。我们还发现两组患者在一些血液参数上存在显著差异。流感患者的上呼吸道症状更明显，合并症的比例高于COVID-19患者。COVID-19患者和流感患者在主要特征、症状、实验室检查结果和合并症方面存在一些差异。COVID-19患者通常需要更多的医疗资源，临床结局更差。
