Tiwari Sneha, Paramanik Vijay
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology and Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484 887, MP, India.
Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Jun;62(6):7230-7241. doi: 10.1007/s12035-025-04708-9. Epub 2025 Jan 28.
Depression is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide and characterized by symptoms including worthlessness, anhedonia, sleep, and appetite disturbances. Recently, studies have suggested that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a key role in depressed mood through serotonin and kynurenine pathway involving enzyme tryptophan 5-monooxygenase (TPH) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) respectively. Moreover, during neuroinflammation, IDO is activated by proinflammatory cytokines and affects neurogenesis, cognition, disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and gut homeostasis by altering the gut bacteria and its metabolites like Trp derivatives. Furthermore, over the decades, researchers have focused on understanding communication between the human microbiome, especially gut microbiota, and mental health, called gut-brain-axis (GBA), particularly through Trp metabolism. Supplementation of probiotics in depression has gained attention from researchers and clinicians. However, there is limited information about probiotics supplementation on depression involving enzyme IDO and kynurenine pathway metabolites. This review discussed the potential role of probiotics in depression through the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway.
抑郁症是全球最具致残性的精神障碍之一，其特征症状包括无价值感、快感缺失、睡眠和食欲紊乱。最近，研究表明色氨酸（Trp）代谢通过血清素和犬尿氨酸途径在抑郁情绪中起关键作用，该途径分别涉及色氨酸5-单加氧酶（TPH）和吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）。此外，在神经炎症期间，IDO被促炎细胞因子激活，并通过改变肠道细菌及其代谢产物（如Trp衍生物）影响神经发生、认知、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴紊乱和肠道稳态。此外，几十年来，研究人员一直致力于理解人类微生物组，尤其是肠道微生物群与心理健康之间的交流，即所谓的肠-脑轴（GBA），特别是通过Trp代谢。抑郁症患者补充益生菌已引起研究人员和临床医生的关注。然而，关于补充益生菌对涉及IDO酶和犬尿氨酸途径代谢产物的抑郁症的影响，相关信息有限。本综述讨论了益生菌通过色氨酸/犬尿氨酸途径在抑郁症中的潜在作用。
