Jiang Lixin, Li Yongfeng, Yang Hao, Yan Mingbao, Jiang Jinming, Zhang Yunwei, Qin Zhe, Yang Wanwan, Chen Hongya, Pang Yongqiang, Guo Zhihao, Zheng Lin, Wang Jiafu, Qu Shaobo
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Airforce Engineering University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710051, China.
Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiao-tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Mar;12(11):e2413429. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413429. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
The integrated modulation of radiation and scattering provides an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the number of electromagnetic (EM) apertures in the platform while simultaneously enhancing communication and stealth performance. Nevertheless, achieving full-polarization, arbitrary amplitude, and phase modulation of radiation scattering remains a challenge. In this paper, a strategy that realizes space-time coding of radiation scattering within the same frequency band, which enables the simultaneous and independent modulation of amplitude and phase, is proposed. To address the limitations of the high sideband levels (SBLs) of conventional space-time-coding metasurfaces, a strategy comprising nonuniform modulation periods and stochastic coding is proposed. Consequently, beam scanning with ultra-low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and suppressed SBLs is achieved in the radiation mode (RM). In scattering mode (SM), in-band low scattering characteristics are achieved within the same operating frequency band as RM. A prototype of a space-time-coding radiation-scattering metasurface (STCRSM) is fabricated and the aforementioned functionalities are validated by measurements. Furthermore, the proposed strategy does not necessitate the utilization of optimization algorithms and exhibits low SLLs and low SBLs, which will make it flourish in RF stealth applications, such as covert communication systems.
辐射与散射的集成调制为减少平台中电磁（EM）孔径的数量提供了前所未有的机会，同时还能提高通信和隐身性能。然而，实现辐射散射的全极化、任意幅度和相位调制仍然是一个挑战。本文提出了一种在同一频带内实现辐射散射时空编码的策略，该策略能够同时且独立地调制幅度和相位。为了解决传统时空编码超表面高边带电平（SBL）的局限性，提出了一种包含非均匀调制周期和随机编码的策略。因此，在辐射模式（RM）下实现了具有超低旁瓣电平（SLL）和抑制SBL的波束扫描。在散射模式（SM）下，在与RM相同的工作频带内实现了带内低散射特性。制作了一个时空编码辐射散射超表面（STCRSM）原型，并通过测量验证了上述功能。此外，所提出的策略不需要使用优化算法，并且具有低SLL和低SBL，这将使其在诸如隐蔽通信系统等射频隐身应用中蓬勃发展。
