Gusatoaia Oana, Perles Livia, Cavalera Maria Alfonsa, Uva Annamaria, Gernone Floriana, Otranto Domenico, Zatelli Andrea
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Parasitol Res. 2025 Jan 29;124(2):14. doi: 10.1007/s00436-025-08458-4.
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a widespread vector-borne disease. In Italy, an endemic region for CanL, overlapping transmission of L. infantum and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) like Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia canis is increasingly reported. Dogs with clinical leishmaniosis often show higher co-infection rates and pronounced clinicopathological abnormalities. This study presents a systematic literature review and new findings from southern Italy, focusing on co-infections with E. canis and A. phagocytophilum in clinically healthy L. infantum seropositive and seronegative dogs. The systematic review identified two eligible studies. The first reported 34/488 (7%) dogs L. infantum seropositive, with 11.8% also seropositive for A. phagocytophilum. Among 454 seronegative dogs, 3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum and 2.4% for E. canis. The second study identified 154/1260 (12.2%) dogs L. infantum seropositive, with co-infection rates of 0.6% and 1.9% for A. phagocytophilum and E. canis, respectively. Among 1106 seronegative dogs, 1.3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum and 2.3% for E. canis. In the retrospective study from southern Italy, 90/154 (58.4%) dogs were L. infantum seropositive, with co-infection rates of 4.4% for A. phagocytophilum and 2.2% for A. phagocytophilum and E. canis. Among 64 seronegative dogs, 1.6% showed similar co-infections. This is the first systematic review in Italy, documenting low and comparable co-infection rates with A. phagocytophilum and E. canis in clinically healthy dogs, regardless of L. infantum serostatus. These findings suggest that co-infections may occur independently, offering insights into vector-borne disease dynamics in endemic areas.
犬利什曼病（CanL）由婴儿利什曼原虫引起，是一种广泛传播的媒介传播疾病。在意大利这个CanL的流行地区，越来越多的报告称婴儿利什曼原虫与蜱传病原体（TBPs）如嗜吞噬细胞无形体和犬埃立克体存在重叠传播。患有临床利什曼病的犬通常表现出更高的共感染率和明显的临床病理异常。本研究对意大利南部进行了系统的文献综述并呈现了新的发现，重点关注临床健康的婴儿利什曼原虫血清阳性和血清阴性犬中与犬埃立克体和嗜吞噬细胞无形体的共感染情况。系统综述确定了两项符合条件的研究。第一项研究报告称，488只犬中有34只（7%）婴儿利什曼原虫血清阳性，其中11.8%同时嗜吞噬细胞无形体血清阳性。在454只血清阴性犬中，3%嗜吞噬细胞无形体血清阳性，2.4%犬埃立克体血清阳性。第二项研究确定了1260只犬中有154只（12.2%）婴儿利什曼原虫血清阳性，嗜吞噬细胞无形体和犬埃立克体的共感染率分别为0.6%和1.9%。在1106只血清阴性犬中，1.3%嗜吞噬细胞无形体血清阳性，2.3%犬埃立克体血清阳性。在意大利南部的回顾性研究中，154只犬中有90只（58.4%）婴儿利什曼原虫血清阳性，嗜吞噬细胞无形体的共感染率为4.4%，嗜吞噬细胞无形体和犬埃立克体的共感染率为2.2%。在64只血清阴性犬中，1.6%表现出类似的共感染。这是意大利首次进行的系统综述，记录了临床健康犬中与嗜吞噬细胞无形体和犬埃立克体的低且相当的共感染率，无论婴儿利什曼原虫血清状态如何。这些发现表明共感染可能独立发生，为流行地区媒介传播疾病的动态提供了见解。
