Dai Yanhui, Han Rui, Yao Zhiming, Yan Han, Liu Zhuomiao, Liu Xia, Yue Tongtao, Zhao Jian, Wang Zhenyu, Xing Baoshan
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 May 5;488:137404. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137404. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), widely distributed in the environment, can be ingested and accumulated by various organisms. Recently, the transgenerational transport of MNPs from parental organisms to their offspring has attracted increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the patterns, specific pathways, and related mechanisms of intergenerational transfer of MNPs in plants, non-mammals (zooplankton and fish) and mammals. The knowledge gaps are also discussed. For plant, MNPs can accumulate in fruits and seeds by intercellular and cellular internalization pathways after uptake by roots or leaves. In zooplankton (e.g., Daphnia magna), MNPs are capable of maternal transfer via two different pathways: gut-ovary-egg and brood chamber-embryo. Intergenerational transfer of MNPs in egg-laying fish can occur through direct maternal transfer. However, MNPs may be transported through follicular pseudoplacenta, surface epithelia, and trophotaeniae pathways in ovoviviparous fish. In mammals, the maternal-fetal transport of MNPs primarily occurs through the placenta, amniotic fluid, and breastfeeding. The placental barrier is the main limitation to transfer, and the ability of MNPs to cross this barrier largely depends on the trophoblast cells via internalization and intercellular pathways. Additionally, we discuss the physicochemical properties (e.g., size, shape, and ageing) of MNPs and environmental factors (e.g., salinity, minerals, organic matter) that influence intergenerational transfer. Current challenges regarding the transfer pathways and related mechanisms, as well as future perspectives, are also addressed. This review provides valuable information for assessing the fate of MNPs in organisms and potential risks to population, community, ecosystems, and human health.
微（纳）塑料（MNPs）广泛分布于环境中，可被各种生物体摄取和积累。近年来，MNPs从亲代生物体向其后代的跨代转移引起了越来越多的关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了MNPs在植物、非哺乳动物（浮游动物和鱼类）和哺乳动物中代际转移的模式、具体途径及相关机制。同时也讨论了知识空白。对于植物，MNPs在通过根或叶吸收后，可通过细胞间和细胞内化途径在果实和种子中积累。在浮游动物（如大型溞）中，MNPs能够通过两种不同途径进行母体转移：肠道-卵巢-卵和育幼室-胚胎。产卵鱼类中MNPs的代际转移可通过直接母体转移发生。然而，在卵胎生鱼类中，MNPs可能通过卵泡假胎盘、表面上皮和滋养带途径进行转运。在哺乳动物中，MNPs的母胎转运主要通过胎盘、羊水和母乳喂养发生。胎盘屏障是转移的主要限制因素，MNPs穿过该屏障的能力很大程度上取决于滋养层细胞通过内化和细胞间途径的作用。此外，我们还讨论了影响代际转移的MNPs的物理化学性质（如大小、形状和老化）和环境因素（如盐度、矿物质、有机物）。还探讨了关于转移途径和相关机制的当前挑战以及未来展望。这篇综述为评估MNPs在生物体中的归宿以及对种群、群落、生态系统和人类健康的潜在风险提供了有价值的信息。
